Arts and Crafts of Luzon Highlands and Lowlands Meaning

UNIT 1: L uzon Arts and Crafts Table of Contents

Introduction

Review

Lesson 1: Arts from the Highlands and Lowlands of Luzon Learning Targets Warm-up Learn about It! Check Your Understanding Hands-On Hearts-On

7 7 7 8 16 16 18

Lesson 2: Understanding the Arts of Luzon Learning Targets Warm-up Learn about It! Check Your Understanding Hands-On Hearts-On

19 19 19 20 25 26 28

Lesson 3: Drawing Inspired by the Attire, Fabric and Tapestries of the People from Luzon Learning Targets Warm-up Learn about It! Check Your Understanding Hands-On Hearts-On

29 29 29 31 35 36 38

Lesson 4: Assembling Luzon Art Inspired Accessories

Learning Targets Warm-up Learn about It! Check Your Understanding Hands-On Hearts-On

39 40 42 49 51 53

Lesson 5: Painting the Architectural Wonders of Luzon Learning Targets Warm-up Learn about It! Check Your Understanding Hands-On Hearts-On

54 54 54 56 61 62 64

Lesson 6: Reimagining Luzon Sculptures and Everyday Objects Learning Targets Warm-up Learn about It! Check Your Understanding Hands-On Hearts-On

65 65 66 67 70 71 73

Lesson 7: Luzon Arts and Crafts Exhibit Learning Targets Warm-up Learn about It! Check Your Understanding Hands-On Hearts-On

74 74 75 76 78 79 81

Did You Know?

Wrap Up

Self-Check

Bibliography

Glossary

GRADE 7

UNIT 1

Luzon Arts and Craft

Fig. 1.The Luzon Island and the arts and crafts from the different indigenous groups of highlands and lowlands of Luzon.

Introduction

What is art? Art stands for many things. Anything that conveys ideas, feelings, and experiences is art. Art is everywhere. It abounds in the community where you live. Our culture is recognizable from other neighboring countries from Asia. Through migrations, countries from the different part of the world have come in the Philippines; they had left a cultural mark on which have passed from them to the current generation. We will focus on indigenous arts and crafts of Luzon Island. Luzon is the most populous and largest island in the Philippines. You will be familiar with the cultural motifs of arts and crafts of the Highlands and lowlands of the Luzon Island. These art motifs will help you understand and appreciate the diversity of our culture. Activities are also provided to assist you in a deeper appreciation for the role played by indigenous folk arts and crafts in the community and our identity as Filipinos.

Review ● Elements of Arts: Line A line is a path created by a moving point. Lines have different characteristics. It can vary in quality and direction. They may be short or long, fine or thick, wavy or jagged. There are two kinds of lines according to directions – straight and curved. Straight lines imply strength and power. There are four kinds of straight lines – horizontal line, vertical line, diagonal line, and jagged or zigzag line. Curved lines are results of a gradual change of direction. There are four kinds of curved lines – scroll or S line, spiral, concave, and convex lines.

Lesson 1: Arts from the Highlands and Lowlands of Luzon A country's past dictates its tradition and culture. This tradition remains presented in the arts through fine arts, weaving, dress, accessories, beliefs, folk tales, etc. In this discussion, you will able to understand how lines, repetitions, forms, balance, and rhythm give significance to an artwork. It is essential in appreciating the world around you and you as a significant part of the masterpiece by the One who created everything.

Learning Targets In this lesson, you should be able to: ● identify characteristics of arts and crafts in specific areas in Luzon such as paper mâché [taka] from Paete, Ifugao wood sculptures [bul'ul], Cordillera jewelry and pottery, tattoo, and Ilocos weaving and pottery [burnay]; ● reflect on and derive the mood, idea, or message emanating from selected artifacts and art objects; and ● create artworks showing the characteristic elements of the arts of Luzon.

Warm-up Can you name them? These are the different folk arts from Luzon Island. Can you name them and give a short description of each folk art?

Learn about It! The Philippines is composed of beautiful artworks, especially, with folk arts. Folk arts are the craftsmanship of people representing a local area which depicts everyday life scenario and given from generation to generation. Folk art is useful and decorative. Folk artists usually undergo an apprenticeship in informal settings to learn techniques. Folk art reflects established art forms of diverse cultural community groups. Pangasinan Pangasinan is known as the salt capital of the Philippines. The name Pangasinan means "land of salt." Pangasinan is the third largest province in the Philippines. Pangasinan is known as the country's most distinct provinces where an abundance of landscapes is present. Pangasinan's arts and crafts include bolinao mats made from raffia leaves or b uri.

Fig. 1. Bolinao mats that are weaved using raffia leaves.

Marikina

In 1630, Marikina was built and initially called as Mariquina.In 1901, it was changed to Marikina by the First Philippine Commissioner, Pardo de Tavera. Marikina was declared as a city through the Republic Act 8223 on December 8, 1996. In 1887, the shoemaking started to flourish. Currently, Marikina is known as the Shoe Capital of the Philippines and the hearth of the world's most enormous pair of shoes approved by the Guinness Book of World Records.

Fig. 2. Marikina City on a Philippine Postal Stamp.

Laguna Paete, Laguna was announced as the "Carving Capital of the Philippines" in 2005. Paete derived its name from paet, a Tagalog word for a chisel, a principal tool used in woodcarving. Paete, Laguna is known for its generations of skilled artists and their woodcarvings. Included in their arts and crafts is taka. Taka is a paper mache made using carved wooden sculpture as a mold. The art of taka – making developed during the American period when the growing newspaper industry produced more newsprint. Unfortunately, the introduction of plastic toys took its toll in taka industry causing it to lessen its demand production slowly. The taka industry wasn't able to regain its peak until the mid-70s and early 80s.

Fig. 3. Horse t akas a long the road of Paete, Laguna.

Kalinga Kalinga is both an indigenous cultural group and a province in the heart of the Cordillera Region, North Luzon, Philippines. Kalinga people are known for their distinctive body art. In Kalinga, Mambabatok is a tattoo artist. Kalinga tattoos are inspired by daily objects and sceneries, such as mountains, ladders, and centipedes. Women display their social status through tattoos however men's symbol is meant to be symbolic as specific designs are saved only for men to demonstrate their bravery, battles won and how many people they have killed.

Apo Whang-Od is the last Kalinga practicing traditional mambabatok. Apo Whang-Od's skills and techniques are currently being passed unto her 13-year-old granddaughter and apprentice.

Fig. 4. Hands of a Kalinga woman showing her tattoos.

Ifugao The Linglingo or Dinumug is an accessory used by the Ifugaos as a fertility symbol worn around the neck. Made from jade, shells, clay, and stones. They also wear a necklace called pangalapang. Men wore woven loincloth around their hips.

Fig. 5. L inglingo and d inumug are fertility charm worn around the neck by Ifugaos. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lingling-o-X3.jpg

Fig. 6. ( Right image) A rare photo of an Ifugao child wearing a p angalapang. (Left image) A p angalapang i s a necklace worn by Ifugaos which is made from seashells. Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/johntewell/7418382858; https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Filippine,_luzon_del_nord,_ifugao,_collana_pangalapang,_xix_secolo.jpg

The bulul is an Ifugao rice god. The Ifugao rice fields are guarded by the bulul. Bululs are kept in the house or granary and made in pairs. Bulul is carved out from Narra wood, which represents wealth, happiness, and well-being.

Fig. 7. A bulul s tatue from the Ifugaos.

Vigan, Ilocos Sur Aside from the historical ancestral houses that display architectural fusion from Spanish colonization, the people of Vigan also exert great efforts in preserving the tradition of making burnay. Burnay is unglazed earthen jars that have small openings and uses for drinking tea, rice grains, salt and brown sugar storage, b asi, and b agoong. Burnay was made with the potter's skillful hands, pottery wheel and kiln. Potter use grade A clay that is widely available at Vigan. Fine sand is utilized to temper the mud, which after molding into the desired shape, it will be in a high-temperature kiln m ade from brick and clay.

Inabel fabric is a handwoven cloth from Ilocos Region. Inabel fabric is from cotton which undergoes the process of Binatbatan. Binatbatan is continuously beating the cotton balls until the desired parts retained. The textile is dyed using the sap of sagut or black plum which is Pangasinan. The weaving method is called P anagabel, the oldest weaving tradition in Ilocos.

Fig. 9. D ifferent panels of an Inabel fabric.

Check Your Understanding Answer the following. 1. What is known as the "Carving Capital of the Philippines"? 2. What is known as the "Salt Capital of the Philippines"? 3. What is the unglazed earthen jars that have small openings and uses for drinking tea, rice grains, salt and brown sugar storage, basi, and b agoong? 4. What is the necklace worn everyday by Ifugaos? 5. What is a paper mache made using carved wooden sculpture as a mold? 6. Why is it that the tattoos of Kalinga men are symbolic and saved only for special remarks? 7. Why was the production and demand of Taka making was lessened? 8. Why was the process of taka making developed during American period? 9. Why is Bulul an important piece of carvings in Ifugao? 10.Discuss the process of Inabel making.

Hands-On

Taka, Papier Mache Making Materials 1. Newspaper 2. Gawgaw paste 3. Paint (Acrylic or tempera) 4. Paint brush 5. Water 6. Towel or rag 7. ScissorsPaintbrush

Procedure: 1. Create a skeleton of the creature you are going to build. Use a ball of newspaper to make the body, legs, and head. 2. Tape on wads of crumpled paper to fill out the body. 3. Dip strips of newspaper and dip them one at a time in your gawgaw p aste mixture. 4. Cover the creature's entire body with one layer at a time. Make six to ten layers to build up until form you want. 5. Let the t aka d ry. 6. Paint your creature, add details and pattern. 7. Display all finished work. CRITERIA General Criteria

Content- Specific Criteria

Apprentice (0-2 pts)

Novice (3-6 pts)

Master (7-10 pts)

The artwork promotes respect, love, peace, and unity.

The artwork celebrates folk arts of indigenous people.

The artwork shows the locality of the indigenous people in the Philippines.

The artwork communicates appreciation to the indigenous people in the Philippines.

The artwork shows originality and craftsmanship.

The artist was able to manage time properly.

The artist used the required materials.

The artist used various colors in the artwork.

The artist used stylized shapes based on nature in the artwork.

The artist made good use of repetition for the motif.

TOTAL Key Guide Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Explain why Paete is one of the most artistic communities in our country. Did you follow the instructions in making a paper mache? Describe each procedure in making a papier mache. Which papier mache do you like best? how about your finished taka? Are you happy about your taka? Explain.

Hearts-On Feelings / Situations

I disagree.

I agree.

I strongly agree.

The various folk arts represent our local communities.

The different folk arts highlights the beauty and uniqueness of our country.

It is important to study the folk arts of our cultural communities because it shows appreciation and love for our country.

Lesson 2: Understanding the Arts of Luzon Art is equivalent to human existence. Almost all perspectives of our lives revealed in Art. Art is omnipresent. It is everywhere - in the houses we live, the clothes we wear, the furniture and appliances we use. Every one of us lives with art. It is the visual evidence of a country's culture.

Learning Targets In this lesson, you should be able to: ● identify, locate, and explain artworks in the community; ● appreciate the artifacts and art objects in terms of their uses and their distinct use of art elements and principles; ● analyze the elements and principles of art in the production of one's arts and crafts inspired by the arts of Luzon (highlands and lowlands); and ● produce simple artworks inspired by the arts of Luzon.

Warm-up Art is everywhere. Look at the image and describe the element of art present in the object on the photo. What are the lines use? What are the colors used? What are the forms use? What kind of space does it have? Now, look around you. Describe the things that surround you. What are the elements of art present on the objects surrounding you?

Learn about It! An artwork should serve the purpose for which it as designed to have meaning. The products of art become economically helpful especially in the livelihood category of art. Functional Art is any piece of artwork intended for a specific purpose as well as be a means to generate income. Painting. Sculpture. Literature, music, theater arts, and dance proved desire and enjoyment and therefore are not considered functional. Here are some of the functional art from Luzon Island: Hagabi Hagabi is a bench used only among rich Ifugaos. Hagabi is the ultimate symbol of wealth. Ngiwit is the two stylized heads carved at either end of the seat and represents the head of a pig. Hagabi is carved only in Ifugao. The installation and carving of Hagabi require a significant number of funds and energy. The carving begins upon determining if the omens are right by a priest; if they are, carvers are conveyed to the forest to select a big Narra or Ipil tree to carve a Hagabi. Workers are not paid with money but are generously supplied with food and drink until the carving is complete. The tree picked is often at a numerous extent at the owner's house, and the transfer of the Hagabi from the carving site is usually a difficult task. It is enormous that it requires many carriers, but it is appropriately transported, considerably enhanced by an endless amount of wine and food at each depot along the way. After the arrival of the Hagabi at the owner's house, three days of celebration spent in eating, drinking and dancing to identify the arrival and installation of Hagabi.

Fig. 1. T his bench indicated the status of the upper class (Kadangyan). Carved using a single piece of wood, the two stylized heads formed at both ends are N giwit, and it represents the head of a pig.

Ifugao bowls The Ifugao have bowls that have various shapes with some of the handles carved opposite on the side rim of the container. These bowls represent a body of a reptile or a pig. The animal's body is the container, and the head and tail functioned as handles. The footings serve as the foot of the animal.

Fig. 2. A n Ifugao wooden bowl with represents a body of a reptile or a pig.

Ifugao Rice Terraces The Ifugaos formed out the side of the mountain to make the rice terraces. End to end, the rice paddies would range out for 6,000 km up to the hill of the Cordillera Central. For further than 2,000 years, they hollowed out the rock to make rice paddies by hand using rudimentary tools. The rice terraces witnessed the engineering achievement and creative genius of the Ifugaos. In 1995, the Ifugao Rice Terraces was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in recognition of the living organically – a developed cultural landscape shaped by sacred culture and tradition of Ifugao People. In 2005, the Ifugao Rice Terraces was added to the list of World Heritage Sites in Danger as uncontrolled tourism and marketing that threatens the natural heritage of the province and its inhabitants. On March 17, 2009, the Rice Terraces was announced as a genetically modified organism (GMO)-Free zone.

Balisong The word Balisong may mean two things: 1. A barrio in the town of Taal, Batangas; 2. Butterfly knife The word Balisong means broken horn. It is from the words "Bali" which means to break and "sung" which means the horn of the water buffalo. The butterfly knife was introduced in 1905 by Perfecto de Leon which originated from barrio Balisong Taal, Batangas. His involvement with Muslim blades motivated him to crafts the first knife with bent r ims. The knives are handmade. A blacksmith will produce the blade, and another worker will sharpen it. The handle maker will prepare the frames. Then it is time to put together the edges, handles, and latches. The sizes of butterfly knife vary from small to large.

Fig. 3. A butterfly knife with handles made from antlers horn.

Suklang Suklang is an everyday hat worn by men of Bontoc. Suklang is an essential attire to indicate an eligible bachelor status or designate a marital status. Bachelors wore the more beautiful version with yellow stripes and dog teeth known as falaka. Married men usually wear simple suklang.

Fig. 4. Suklang is an everyday hat worn by of Bontoc. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bachelor%27s_hat,_Bontoc,_northern_Luzon,_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art_8426.1 .JPG

Check Your Understanding Answer the following questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

What is the ultimate symbol of wealth in Ifugao? What is the everyday hat worn by men of Bontoc? What is the knife famous in Taal, Laguna? What are the stylized edges at both ends of Hagabi that represents the head of a pig? How many years it took to finish the Ifugao Rice Terraces?

TRUE OR FALSE 1. In 1995, the Ifugao Rice Terraces was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in recognition of the living organically – a developed cultural landscape shaped by sacred culture and tradition of Ifugao People. 2. On March 17, 2010, The Rice Terraces announced as a genetically modified organism (GMO)-Free zone. 3. The word Balisong means broken butterfly. It is from the words "Bali" which means to

break and "sung" which means the horn of the water buffalo. 4. Fine Art is any piece of artwork intended for a specific purpose as well as be a means to generate income. 5. Suklang is an essential attire to indicate an eligible bachelor status or designate a marital status.

Hands-On Ifugao Rice Terraces Painting Materials: 1. Oslo paper 2. Watercolor 3. Paintbrush 4. Water Refer to the image below. Copy the drawing as close as possible. Observe the lines and colors used.

Fig. 6. A painting of Ifugao Rice Terraces. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ifugao_Rice_Terraces.jpg

CRITERIA General Criteria

Content- Specific Criteria

Apprentice (0-2 pts)

Novice (3-6 pts)

Master (7-10 pts)

The artwork promotes respect, love, peace, and unity.

The artwork celebrates folk arts of indigenous people.

The artwork shows the locality of the indigenous people in the Philippines.

The artwork communicates appreciation to the indigenous people in the Philippines.

The artwork shows originality and craftsmanship.

The artist was able to manage time properly.

The artist used the required materials.

The artist observes the element of arts.

The artist observes the use of the principle of art.

The artist made good use of repetition for the motif.

TOTAL

Key Guide Questions 1. Describe how you created the landscape. 2. How were you able to respect the originality of one's artwork and artwork of other? 3. How were you able to demonstrate your ability to use painting to organizes and idea for landscape? 4. What kinds of lines did you use in your landscape? 5. What kinds of colors did you use in your landscape?

Hearts-On

Feelings / Situations

I disagree.

I agree.

I strongly agree.

The various functional arts represent our local communities.

The different functional arts highlighted the beauty and uniqueness of our country through their use of elements and principles of arts.

It is important to study the folk arts of our cultural communities because it shows appreciation and love for our country.

Lesson 3: Drawing Inspired by the Attire, Fabric and Tapestries of the People from Luzon All cultures in the world produce art that is uniquely theirs. It is one of the essential aspects of life and one of the oldest means of expressions enhanced by man. In the lesson, you have opportunities to explore the gift of art as well as develop your unique forms of expression.

Learning Targets In this lesson, you should be able to: ● incorporates the design, form, and spirit of the highland/lowland artifact and object in one's creation; ● describe the attire, fabric, and tapestries of the Luzon Island; ● derives elements from traditions/history of a community for one's artwork;and ● appreciate the beauty of the attire, fabric and tapestries of the Luzon island.

Warm-up TEXTILE OF LUZON BUBBLE MAP The textile of different cultural community in Luzon Island is an essential part of their daily lives for it shows their weaving technique and tradition through their attire and tapestry. Fill out the information below based on what you can recall about the textile of Luzon Island. C opyright © 2018 Quipper Limited

Learn about It! The Philippines has a diverse cultural setting. It contains various cultural motifs per island. Cultural Motifs are the central theme of folk art and design. Read on to understand specific design characteristic of the textile from Luzon Island. Ikat of Ifugao Philippine ikat weaving is frequently practiced in the Cordilleras in the northern Philippines by the Ifugao tribes which exercise ikat techniques in creating their famous t apestries. Ikat implies "to tie" or "to bind" in the Indonesian language. Ikat is a weaving technique that uses a resist dyeing process similar to tie-dye on either the warp or weft before the threads are woven to create a pattern or design.

Fig. 1. A panel of Ikat tapestry by Ifugao tribes.

There are various types of Ikat weaving: 1. Warp ikat. Warp Ikat is when only the vertical yarn, the warp, is tie-dyed for weaving. It's practiced in natural patterns. 2. Weft ikat. Weft Ikat is when only the horizontal yarn, the weft, is tie-dyed for weaving. Weft ikat appears in a more unconventional and organic fabric design. 3. Double i kat. Both the warp and the weft are tie-dyed. Their motif characterized by the following: 1. Dominant blue stripes 2. Diamond stripes of white and red 3. Repetitive pattern Kalinga Textile Kalinga hand woven fabrics are dominant red stripes and motifs of geometric patterns with nature symbols interlaced with white yellow and black fibers. Created initially in Lubuagan, the ka-in which is the wraparound skirt is now more known as the Kalinga. The different types of k a-in are gilamat, silugwid, pilakpak, gililing, lilaktob and ilaglis. For men's g-strings, there are the pilagpagen, kilayao, a nd sillayuti. These are traditionally on rituals and special occasions like weddings, festivals, and other important events. In Kalinga weaving symbolism, the sky and ground are represented by the colors indigo and red respectively. Mountains are in color yellow in the fabric. Yellow symbolizes wealth and refers to growth and fertility. Beading is another distinct characteristic of the Kalinga apparel.

Kalinga people are great weavers. Kalinga textiles characterized by the following: 1. Dominant red stripes 2. Black, white, and yellow fibers 3. Repetitive patterns 4. Nature symbols 5. Geometric patterns

Fig. 2. A Kalinga Textile. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skirt_from_northern_Luzon,_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art_8363.1.JPG

Bontoc Textile Bontoc hand woven fabrics are characterized by motifs that include geometric shapes of things around them such as man, lizard, mountain, rains, and flower. Siniwsiwan is Bontoc blanket and clothing. Siniwsiwan is for wanes or men's G-string (Bahag) and getup and Lufid (Tapis) among women. Married women of Bontoc and Kankanaey wears a variety of belt called ginaspala wanes with inawin w hich is a continuous zigzag pattern. C opyright © 2018 Quipper Limited

Bontoc weaves siniwsiwan, a term for Bontocs' clothing and fabrics. The motifs of the Bontocs are: 1. Geometric shapes 2. Repetitive patterns 3. Nature symbols such as lizard, sun, sky, plants, flowers.

Fig. 3. A Bontoc weaving a siniwsiwan, a handwoven fabric of Bontoc.

Check Your Understanding Answer the following questions: 1. What kind of weaving is frequently practiced in the Cordilleras in the northern Philippines by the Ifugao tribes? 2. What is an Ikat weaving technique that happens only when the vertical yarn, the warp, is tie-dyed for weaving. It's practiced in natural patterns? 3. What is Bontoc blanket and clothing? 4. Ifugao textile is characterized by what color? 5. In Kalinga weaving symbolism, the sky and ground are represented by the colors indigo and red respectively. Mountains are represented by what color?

TRUE OR FALSE 1. The people of Luzon have different ways of weaving textiles. 2. Married Bontoc women can be identified by the belt they are wearing. 3. Kalinga people are great weavers. 4. Siniwsiwan is the textile of the Ifugaos. 5. The Ifugaos use only the natural colors of the threads.

Hands-On

My Very Own Weaving Inspired by Luzon Textiles Materials: 1. Bond paper 2. Scissors 3. Colored paper Procedure: 1. Choose a traditional Luzon textile which will be your inspiration in this activity. 2. Fold the bond paper and colored paper in half. 3. Cut them into parallel slits to within about 1 inch from the edge of the paper which makes a paper frame that holds the parallel strips (the warp) i n place. 4. The cut strips of paper (the weft) in a variety of color to weave in and out of the warp strips in the paper frame. 5. Weave the papers according to the chosen design from Luzon textile 6. The finished products will be tacked to the wall so they may be recognized. CRITERIA General

The artwork promotes respect,

Apprentice (0-2 pts)

Novice (3-6 pts)

Master (7-10 pts)

Criteria

Content- Specific Criteria

love, peace, and unity. The artwork celebrates folk arts of indigenous people.

The artwork shows the locality of the indigenous people in the Philippines.

The artwork communicates appreciation to the indigenous people in the Philippines.

The artwork shows originality and craftsmanship.

The artist was able to manage time properly.

The artist used the required materials.

The artist observes the proper procedure.

The artist was able to use variations of colors.

The artist made good use of repetition for the motif.

TOTAL Key Guide Questions 1. Looking around you, what are the products made from weaving? 2. How does weaving contribute to the Philippine economy? 3. Why is weaving very simple? C opyright © 2018 Quipper Limited

4. Do you love your finished weaving product? 5. How were you able to show love and appreciation to our culture after doing your activity?

Hearts-On Feelings / Situations

I disagree.

I agree.

I strongly agree.

The various hand-woven textile represents our hand-woven local communities.

The various hand-woven textile highlighted the beauty and uniqueness of our country.

It is important to study the folk arts of our cultural communities because it shows appreciation and love for our country.

Lesson 4: Assembling Luzon Art Inspired Accessories Art and society is one indication of one's true citizenship and cannot take independently. Every Filipino secretes the talent that originates from his domain that represents the uniqueness of its art.

Learning Targets In this lesson, you should be able to: ● incorporates the design, form, and spirit of the highland/lowland artifact and object in one's creation; ● identify and locate accessories worn by each local community; ● create crafts that can be locally assembled with local materials, guided by local traditional techniques (e.g., habi, lilip, etc); and ● appreciate the beauty of Filipino fashion and design in clothing and accessories.

Warm-up I Represent the Filipino Culture through My Designs. Identify the following world renowned fashion designers that used Filipino cultural motifs on their designs:

Learn about It!

Fikum The fikum shows that Ifugao men are recognized as combatant headhunters of the kadangyan class. The fikum is a hip embellishment made of a large mother of pearl shell, the center is a coconut disc with a fine cord of rattan going within the two holes that pierced through, and the rattan created loops are then connected to a copper cord that coils around the waistline as a belt. The fikum has etched edges. The etched design of the fikum derived its inspiration from the ornament of a tree fern, as the representation of the tree fern is known to carry protection. The tree fern grows rapid thrusting upward, budding immediately from the top of the trunk into a considerably large size. Tree fern tattoo designs are designated on the upper chest of warrior head hunting males after they have successfully killed a head, as a sign of refuge and success. Tattooing on the arms and shoulders of females are for beautification and to express the progression of the stages in life. Fikum is said to be for purely accessory use during ceremonies, to be worn by kadangyan warrior headhunting males only. The kadangyan represents the wealthy class within the social structure of the Igorot people.

Fig. 1. F ikum, mother of pearl shell; central medallion of coconut shell; etched edges; and a tassel of beads.

Fig. 2. Bontoc warriors wearing a f ikum.

Ling - ling o Ling-ling o is a gold ear embellishment. Ling-ling o is a representation of the female reproductive emblem, highlighting the life-giving characteristics of females. The term ling-ling o is from the word sing sing meaning earring in Tagalog. There are common comparisons of this symbolic figure shaped in the alphabet letter C.

Fig. 3. A po Whang Od, 95 Years Old, The last Kalinga mambabatok w earing a ling - ling o. Apo Whang Od is giving a traditional tattoo to a tourist. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Whang-od_tattooing.jpg

Baoya and Tangkil The baoya and the tangkil of the Bontoc tribe were worn by Bontoc warrior males and denoted headhunter status and success. The baoya is from crocodile teeth wrapped in basketry. Crocodile teeth were the numerous prestigious material for ornaments. Throughout the Philippines, there is a regard for this reptile, and it said that crocodile teeth contain talismanic power, giving magic to the wearer. The fearlessness and carnivorous ferocity was a comparison for an ornament worn at head taking ceremonies. The tangkil is an arm embellishment made with boar's tusks, rattan, and wood. This

ornament is worn by the Ifugao, Bontoc, and Kakanay on both arms above the elbow. The fangs empowered the wearer with strength, speed, endurance, and ferocity of a wild boar. The Bontoc headhunter formed the vision of a half man and half animal. These ornaments along with the fikum were considered to be luxury items of the kadangyan class. The b aoya a nd the t angkil i s worn with a necklace of a gate beads. In full ritual dressing, a Bontoc warrior would be seen dancing to the mesmerizing beat of the gong, embodying the mythic, supernatural creature that would take an enemy head and bring it back triumphantly to his village.

Fig. 4. T he tangkil is an arm embellishment made with boar's tusks, rattan, and wood.

Battling Battling is a scarlet hornbill jewelry and a primary piece of ornaments for the Ilongot male warrior revealing masculine prestige and headhunting prowess. The battling earring ornaments marked the Ilongot headhunters, as only those who had taken heads had the right to use the battling. It is around five inches long; the hornbill beak is in a rough form with strings of tiny oval disks of a mother of pearl associated with fine brass wire, worn waved from the upper earlobe. The battling is in constant action as light reflects from the pearl disks, connecting the movement to laughter, health, and happiness as the warrior brings good fortune to the family. The

appearance of these earrings, in an acute angle, characterizes the upug, an Ilongot term for beauty that is forceful and intense. The colour red of these earrings describes associations with youthful vitality possessed by warrior men.

Fig. 6. An Ilongot m ale warrior wearing a battling.

Sipattal The sipattal is made of carved butterfly shaped mother of pearl shell, red, black and blue glass beading and engraved fringe edges that hang in a repeated pattern, worn dangled on the chest along with a string of beads on the head. The sipattal necklace is used for special celebrations or marriage, as part of the endowment of the family. The groom gives sipattal as a gift to the parents of the bride as compensation to their love and care and for the loss of services they will incur after marriage. their loss of her services to the family.

Fig. 7. A sipattal, a beaded necklace from Isneg tribe. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Filippine,_luzon_del_nord,_ifugao,_ornamento_pettorale_sipatal,_1900-20_ca.jp g

Check Your Understanding Answer the following questions: 1. What do we call the scarlet hornbill jewelry and primary piece of ornaments for the Ilongot male warrior revealing masculine prestige and headhunting prowess? 2. What ornament made of carved butterfly shaped mother of pearl shell, red, black and blue glass beading and engraved fringe edges that hang in a repeated pattern, worn dangled on the chest along with a string of beads on the head?

3. What is an arm embellishment made with boar's tusks, rattan, and wood? 4. What is a hip embellishment made of a large mother of pearl shell, the center is a coconut disc with a fine cord of rattan going within the two holes that pierced through, and the rattan created loops are then connected to a copper cord that coils around the waistline as a belt? 5. What is the accessory made from crocodile teeth wrapped in basketry? 6. The etched design of the fikum derived its inspiration from the ornament of a tree fern, as the representation of the tree fern is known as what? 7. Ling-ling o is a representation of the female reproductive emblem, highlighting what characteristics of a female? 8. The battling earring ornaments marked the Ilongot headhunters. Who are the only Ilongot allowed to wear a battling? 9. The tangkil e mpowered the wearer with what characteristics of a wild boar? 10. The colour red of the battling earrings describes associations with what characteristic possessed by warrior men of Ilongot tribe?

H ands-On Luzon Art-Inspired Colored Bracelets

Materials: 1. Toilet Roll / Kitchen Roll Core 2. Yarn (Various colors) 3. Double sided tape 4. Needle Procedure: 1. Choose a motif from Luzon art which will serve as inspiration in designing the bracelet 2. Cut the core of a toilet roll into three equal parts. 3. Secure the end of the wool to the inside of the tube with double-sided tape. Use glue at the other end after wrapping. 4. Weave a pattern based on your chosen Luzon art. 5. Make sure you are using colors visible in the accessories of cultural communities. C opyright © 2018 Quipper Limited

CRITERIA General Criteria

Content- Specific Criteria

Apprentice (0-2 pts)

Novice (3-6 pts)

Master (7-10 pts)

The artwork promotes respect, love, peace, and unity.

The artwork celebrates folk arts of indigenous people.

The artwork shows the locality of the indigenous people in the Philippines.

The artwork communicates appreciation to the indigenous people in the Philippines.

The artwork shows originality and craftsmanship.

The artist was able to manage time properly.

The artist used the required materials.

The artist observes the proper procedure.

The artist was able to use variations of colors.

The artist made good use of repetition for the motif.

TOTAL

Key Guide Questions 1. Looking around you, what are the accessories you can name based on cultural motifs of the cultural community? 2. How does functional day contribute to Philippine Economy? 3. Why is weaving very interesting? 4. Do you love your finished product? 5. How were you able to show love and appreciation to our culture after doing your activity?

Hearts-On Feelings / Situations

I disagree.

I agree.

I strongly agree.

The various accessories represent our local communities.

The various accessories highlighted the beauty and uniqueness of our country.

It is important to study the folk arts of our cultural communities because it shows appreciation and love for our country.

Lesson 5: Painting the Architectural Wonders of Luzon Architecture, the art of creating constructions, is one of the oldest art forms. Architecture satisfies man's need for shelter and at the same time answer his longings for a beautiful and tranquil home. Do you have a new high - rise buildings in your locality? Architecture like the other art forms is always growing to fit the need of times.

Learning Targets In this lesson, you should be able to: ● traces the external (foreign) and internal (indigenous) influences reflected in the design of an artwork and in the making of a craft or artifact; ● shows the relationship of Luzon (highlands and lowlands) arts and crafts to Philippine culture, traditions, and history; ● create a painting of one of the architectural wonders of Luzon; and, ● appreciate the beauty of Luzon architecture.

Warm-up Jumbled Letters Arrange the following letters. Use the clue below to decode the word.

Learn about It! Elements of Architecture Space It is an essential component in every structure is space. Malls remain vast areas for strolling and storage spaces. Condominiums employing vertical expansion can house many families. Texture Another basic need in architecture is texture. The texture is the exterior quality of a structure. If a course or uneven texture is needed, limestone is used. Interior designing is the art or practice of planning and supervising the design and execution of architectural interiors and their furnishings. Landscaping is transforming a natural landscape by clearing, grading, or decorating plants. It is used to create an aesthetic effect. Painting saturates color that makes a building or structure satisfactory to live in and pleasant to the eyes. It is the final touch of a building. C opyright © 2018 Quipper Limited

Different architectural styles evolved in the Philippines. The following types of houses ruled Philippines' architectural landscape at a given time. 1. Lean-to. Lean - to is movable one-sided rectangular shape construction made from long wood tied with a roof like a stem and covered with leaves, with support to balance and stand it freely. Its primary function is to protect people from sun's heat and the rain.

Fig, 1. A l ean - to architecture. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adirondack_Lean-to.jpg

2. Double Lean-To. It has the same structures lean-to, but its two sides function better than the first. 3. Mountain Houses. These are built by people whose livelihood is in the mountains. The Igorot's house is called fale. The house of Cordillera people is called isneg. Banwas is the term given to the house of Mangyans.

Fig. 2. Fale is an Ifugao house. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_Ifugao_House.png

4. Typhoon-proof houses. These are the houses from Batanes where typhoons are monthly visitors. The roofs and walls are one meter in thickness. The apartments are heavy and massive from winds and steady rains. Wall textures are simple and plain. 5. Bahay Kubo or Cube House. This housing method has reflected the Lowland Christian ethnic house that is located in plains. It is a one-room structure with bamboo floorings and sawali wallings. A push – out or sliding window provides proper ventilation in a hot and humid climate. It has a balcony or veranda that opens to a square multi-purpose bulwagan, the main room of the house. The bulwagan leads to the kusina or kitchen usually with a separate roof and to the open-air b antalan.

Fig. 3. A b ahay kubo or cube house. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bahay_kubo_impasug-ong.JPG

Contemporary Structures Today's present needs and demands dictate today's current structure. Lots have become smaller due to the increase in population. The vertical expansion style of tall buildings came about as a result of the significant

population increase. One noted architect of his time is Leandro Locsin. Leandro Locsin is a National Artist for Architecture who reshaped the urban landscape with a distinctive architecture reflective of Philippine Art and Culture. His works have themes of floating volume, the duality of lightness and heaviness, as well as massiveness. From 1955 to 1994, Locsin has produced 75 residences and 88 buildings, including 11 churches and chapels, 23 public buildings, 48 commercial buildings, six major hotels, and an airport terminal building.

Fig. 4. C ultural Center of the Philippines is one of the artworks of Leandro Locsin. This is a virtual Locsin Complex with all five buildings designed by Leandro. Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/nccaofficial/18643870796

Check Your Understanding Match type. Write the letters of the correct answer on the blanks. Column A ______ 1. Typhoon-proof house ______ 2. Mountain houses ______ 3. Double Lean-to ______ 4. Lean-to ______ 5. Bahay Kubo

Column B a. b. c. d. e.

a movable one-sided rectangular shape structure has similar with lean-to built by people whose livelihood is in the mountain houses from Batanes the lowland Christian ethnic house

TRUE OR FALSE 1. Architecture changes over time. 2. The houses of the Cordillera people, Igorots and Mangyans can be found in the lowlands. 3. High rise buildings are caused by the population increase. 4. Filipino architects can be equal or even surpass the skills of Asian counterparts. 5. It is hot and humid inside a bahay kubo.

Hands-On Paint Your Architecture Wonder Create your very own painting by recreating one of the architectural wonders of Luzon. Materials: 1.Oslo paper 2. Watercolor 3. Paintbrush 4. Water CRITERIA General Criteria

Content- Specific Criteria

Apprentice (0-2 pts)

Novice (3-6 pts)

Master (7-10 pts)

The artwork promotes respect, love, peace, and unity.

The artwork celebrates folk arts of indigenous people.

The artwork shows the locality of the indigenous people in the Philippines.

The artwork communicates appreciation to the indigenous people in the Philippines.

The artwork shows originality and craftsmanship.

The artist was able to manage time properly.

The artist used required materials.

The artist observes the element of arts.

The artist observes the use of principle of art.

The artist made good use of repetition for the motif.

TOTAL Key Guide Questions 1. Describe how you created your painting. 2. How were you able to respect the originality of one's artwork and artwork of others? 3. How were you able to demonstrate your ability to use painting to organizes and idea for landscape? 4. What kinds of lines did you use in your painting? 5. What kinds of colors did you use in your painting?

Hearts-On Feelings / Situations

I disagree.

I agree.

I strongly agree.

The various architectural wonders represent our local communities.

The different architectural wonders highlighted the beauty and uniqueness of our country.

It is important to study the architectural wonders because it shows appreciation and love for our country.

Lesson 6: Reimagining Luzon Sculptures and Everyday Objects Art has influenced even the dull and ordinary things we use in our homes. The technique provides historical and cultural records of the past.

Learning Targets In this lesson, you should be able to: ● traces the external (foreign) and internal (indigenous) influences reflected in the design of artwork and in the making of a craft or artifact; ● shows the relationship of the development of crafts in specific areas of the country, according to functionality, traditional specialized expertise, and availability of resources; ● create an example bulul; and ● appreciate Luzon sculpture.

Warm-up Remembering the Bulul Recall the lesson you learned about the bulul by completing the graph below.

Learn about It!

A sculpture is a 3-dimensional artwork which can be viewed from the top, sides, and bottom. It is divided into two kinds: 1. Freestyle sculpture can be displayed in different angles and erected on a base, meaning from the top view, sides, or bottom. 2. Relief style sculpture is attached in a solid background. Its rear side is not exposed. Sculpture follows two techniques: 1. Additive techniques are casting, modeling, welding, molding, and p ottery. 2. A subtractive method is carving. Carving is the only subtractive technique. It is a technique where a big wood or stone is subtracted little by little until the desired design. Tino-too-o and a Pig Sculpture A sculpture of a pig and a Tino-Too-Oo figurine who signifies a bride dancing on her wedding day; her face exposes a delight that shines through the crudeness of the carving. The undelighted pig, described posthumously, has already been slaughtered and served up for the wedding feast.

Fig. 1. A t ino-too-o and a pig sculpture

Owl

In Ifugao, these gnomish and unnerving birds have been worshiped graphically by carving their heart-shaped facial appearance on some of the Bulul. For them, the night cry of the owl near someone's home indicates sickness or even death of someone in the family.

Dwarfs (Unano) Dwarfism is one of the various physical conditions considered by the pagan Bontoc and Ifugao to present a measure of divinity on the bearer: certainly he or she, in having been swayed by the gods, command individual spiritual intermediaries, a status worthy of reversing with a carved effigy and with prayers sent up in care of the carving. Hogang Free spirit-figurative trunks of tree ferns installed as boundary markers at the edges of villages and homes.

Alawah Alawah is considered by Ifugaos to be the most powerful bulul. In decades past, it inspired some legends that widely recited.

Sokyop Carved with a semblance of a face of a human, this headgear was worn by dancing hunters during their celebrations of a successful hunt. Kinabigat The Kinabigats which are protective bululs also serve as supportive posts to Ifugao houses.

Check Your Understanding

Answer the following questions: 1. What is a 3-dimensional art work that can be viewed from the top, sides, and bottom? 2. What is an artwork can be viewed in different angles and can stand on a base, meaning from the top view, sides, or bottom? 3. What artwork is projected in a background such that part of the top portion and two sides can be seen with no rear side exposed? 4. What is the only subtractive technique? 5. Who is believed as the most powerful bulul?

TRUE OR FALSE 1. Luzon people believe in gods and deities. 2. Luzon sculptures are merely for decorative purposes. 3. Bululs have many different faces. 4. Most bululs are freestyle. 5. Luzon people value hunting.

Hands-On

Make your Own Bul-ul Materials: 1. Picture of bul-ul 2. Modeling clay 3. Carving instruments Caution: Carving instruments must be used under the guidance of your teacher. Always observe safety at work. Procedures: 1. Prepare your materials and working area. 2. Cut the modeling clay according to the desired length. 3. Using a pen draw the outlines of a bul-ul. 4. Using carving instruments cut the excess of the modeling clay. 5. Polish the end product. C opyright © 2018 Quipper Limited

CRITERIA General Criteria

Content- Specific Criteria

Apprentice (0-2 pts)

Novice (3-6 pts)

Master (7-10 pts)

The artwork promotes respect, love, peace and unity.

The artwork celebrates folk arts of indigenous people.

The artwork shows the locality of the indigenous people in the Philippines.

The artwork communicates appreciation to the indigenous people in the Philippines.

The artwork shows originality and craftsmanship.

The artist was able to manage time properly.

The artist used the required materials.

The artist observes the proper procedure.

The artist was able to use create a replica of bulul.

The artist made good use of repetition for the motif.

TOTAL

Key Guide Questions 1. Describe how you created the b ulul sculpture . 2. How were you able to respect the sculpture of one's artwork and artwork of others? 3. How were you able to demonstrate your ability to use sculpture as a means of expressing your patriotism? 4. What elements of arts did you use? 5. What principle of arts did you use?

Hearts-On Feelings / Situations

I disagree.

I agree.

I strongly agree.

The various sculpture represents our local communities.

The different sculpture highlighted the beauty and uniqueness of our country.

It is important to study the architectural wonders because it shows appreciation and love for our country.

Lesson 7: Luzon Arts and Crafts Exhibit In this lesson, you will gather all the artworks you have created since lesson 1. With the help of your teacher, you will be putting up an exhibit.

Learning Targets In this lesson, you should be able to: ● identify the procedures for setting up an exhibit; ● set up an exhibit; ● The learner analyzes elements and principles of art in the production of one's arts and crafts inspired by the arts of Luzon (highlands and lowlands); ● show the relationship of Luzon (highlands and lowlands) arts and crafts to Philippine culture, traditions, and history; ● identifies characteristics of arts and crafts in specific areas in Luzon (e.g., papier mâché [taka] from Paete, Ifugao wood sculptures [bul'ul], Cordillera jewelry and pottery, tattoo, and Ilocos weaving and pottery [burnay], etc.); and ● mount an exhibit using completed Luzon (highlands and lowlands)-inspired arts and crafts in an organized manner.

Warm-up IDENTIFY THE ELEMENT OF ART SHOWN Identify the elements of art shown in each photo. Discuss and describe each element of art.

Learn about It!

What are the steps in setting up your exhibit? Here are some procedures in setting up your own exhibit. 1. Create artworks to display. The theme for the art exhibit this quarter is the Art of Luzon. Identify the characteristics of arts and crafts in specific areas in Luzon. On the first lesson, you made a Taka paper mache. You painted the Ifugao rice terraces in Lesson 2 and a Luzon architectural wonder in Lesson 5. You weaved in Lesson 3 while you created bracelets in Lesson 4. Finally, you sculpted your very own bulul in Lesson 6. These artworks will be featured in this quarter's exhibit. 2. Choose the most impressive work. Analyze the elements and principles of arts present on your and your classmates' work. Pick out a few of the best pieces to put on display. 3. Decorate and set up the venue. The exhibit must show the relationship of Luzon (highlands and lowlands) arts and crafts to Philippine culture, traditions, and history. Decorate and set up the venue according to the characteristics of Luzon arts. 4. Open the exhibit Guests will come and will ask questions. Be ready to answer them. Be proud of your work and explain to them every detail of the artworks. 5. Assess. Evaluate the whole activity. Determine whether you were able to showcase the Luzon arts in a good way. Identify the things you did great as well as the problems needed to be addressed.

Check Your Understanding Answer the following questions. 1. What is the theme for this quarter's exhibit? 2. Which artworks should be displayed on the exhibit? 3. What is the oldest stone church on the Philippines? 4. What term is being used in describing a public display of artworks? 5. What is the last step in mounting an exhibit?

TRUE OR FALSE. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The artists can put any decoration on the exhibit. The class exhibit can feature works of only one student. Every exhibit must be evaluated. The artists should be able to explain the artworks to the guests. The elements and principles of arts should be considered when mounting an exhibit.

Hands-On

Create your own exhibit Following the procedure discussed. It is time to mount your own exhibit. CRITERIA General Criteria

Apprentice (0-2 pts)

Novice (3-6 pts)

Master (7-10 pts)

The artwork promotes respect, love, peace and unity.

The artwork celebrates folk arts of indigenous people.

The artwork shows the locality of the indigenous people in the Philippines.

The artwork communicates appreciation to the indigenous people in the Philippines.

The artwork shows originality and craftsmanship.

Content- Specific Criteria

The artist was able to manage time properly. The artist used the required materials.

The artist observes the proper procedure.

The artist was able to use create a replica of bulul.

The artist made good use of repetition for the motif.

TOTAL

Key Guide Questions

1. 2. 3. 4.

What topic did you choose to show on your artwork? Why? What ethnic design did you use? Why? How do you feel about this activity? What did you realize after finishing the activity?

Hearts-On Feelings / Situations

I disagree.

I agree.

I strongly agree.

The exhibit represents our local communities.

The exhibit highlighted the beauty and uniqueness of our country.

I am proud to be Filipino!

Did You Know? Philippine ceramics applies to ceramic art and pottery designed or produced as a form of Philippine art. The lore of Philippine ceramics begins back to the third millennium BCE. Pottery and ceramics were a crucial part of the deal between the Philippines and its neighbors.

Wrap Up . FOLK ART

ORIGIN

DESCRIPTION

Self-Check

Skills I _______________ examine the elements of arts and explain their significance to the artworks. I ___________________ analyze the principles of arts and discuss their impact to the artworks . I ________________ critique an artwork and evaluate its worth. I _________________ compare and contrast different works of art of the same form. I ____________________ create an original artwork.

I ALMOST CAN

I CANNOT

I CAN

I ________________ integrate different elements, principles and forms to produce an artwork. I _________________ employ more than one technique in creating an artwork. I _______________ decide on which of the different processes should be used in making an artwork. I __________________ lead my group/class in completing a task on arts. I ___________________ objectively assess and evaluate my own/group's work..

I am good at ________________________

because I am planning to ______________________________ ______________________________

I need to improve on because I am planning to ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ 1.

Bibliography Angeli Sobrepena . "Go On A Cultural And Crafty Tour Of Paete." Accessed November 11, 2018. https://www.realliving.com.ph/lifestyle/travel/go-on-a-cultural-and-crafty-tour-of-paete-a37-20 170909-lfrm Angelo G. Garcia. "How Renee Salud used PH ethnic fabrics in special collection." Accessed November 13, 2018. https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/06/26/18/how-renee-salud-used-ph-ethnic-fabrics-in-special-col lection Architectural Structure. "16 Iconic Architectural Structures in the Philippines." Accessed November 13, 2018. https://www.zipmatch.com/blog/architectural-structures-in-philippines/ Ava Cruz. "INABEL: Modern Design from a Centuries-old Tradition." Accessed November 11, 2018. https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1499963305/inabel-modern-design-from-a-centur ies-old-tradition Batangas. "What is balisong?" Accessed November 12, 2018. https://www.batangas-philippines.com/balisong.html Cordilleran History. "Weaving." Accessed November 13, 2018. https://nardas.com/cordilleran-weaving-culture/ Donna Reyes. "KALINGA CULTURE: TRIBAL TRADITIONS AND TATTOOS IN THE PHILIPPINES." Accessed November 11, 2018. https://hauteculturefashion.com/kalinga-tattoos-philippines/ C opyright © 2018 Quipper Limited

Grace Chemma. "UNESCO – Ifugao Rice Terraces" Accessed November 12, 2018. h ttp://tourism-philippines.com/ifugao-rice-terraces/ Ifugao. "Hagabi." Accessed November 12, 2018. http://philibz.wixsite.com/hagabi-ifugao/history Imelda Santos. "The Art of Making Burnay: Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Philippines." Accessed November 11, 2018. https://themixedculture.com/2013/11/04/burnay-vigan-ilocos-sur/ Jhaypee Guia. "Come and Discover the Natural Beauty of Pangasinan." Accessed November 12, 2018. https://www.vigattintourism.com/tourism/articles/Come-and-Discover-the-Natural-Bea uty-of-Pangasinan JR Cantos. "Butterfly knives." Accessed November 12, 2018. http://wowbatangas.com/features/arts-and-culture/butterfly-knives-aka-batangas-balis ong/ Juan Marcos Arellano. "History of Architecture." Accessed November 13, 2018. https://historyofarchitecture.weebly.com/juan-marcos-arellano.html Mailah Baldemor. "PAETE'S TAKA." Accessed November 11, 2018. http://www.artesdelasfilipinas.com/archives/6/paete-s-taka National Museum. "The collections." Accessed November 12, 2018. http://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/ASBMD/Kiangan.html NCCA. "Leandro V. Locsin." Accessed November 13, 2018. http://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-philippi nes/leandro-v-locsin/ NCCA. "Juan F. Nakpil." Accessed November 13, 2018. http://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-philippi

nes/juan-f-nakpil/ Nonet Angeles . "The History of Marikina's Shoe Industry." Accessed November 12, 2018. http://www.artesdelasfilipinas.com/archives/160/the-history-of-marikina-s-shoe-industr y ROBBY JOY D. SALVERON. "From music to design: Maan Chua bags grand prize in Kadayawan's fashion design tilt." Accessed November 13, 2018. http://davaotoday.com/main/headline/from-music-to-design-maan-chua-bags-grand-pr ize-in-kadayawans-fashion-design-tilt/ RF Medina. "6 Filipino Architectural Marvels You'll Be Proud Of." Accessed November 13, 2018. https://www.realliving.com.ph/lifestyle/6-filipino-architectural-marvels-you-ll-be-proudof-a1565-20180416 Ruth Linker. "Philippine Hats." Accessed November 12, 2018. https://aboutphilippines.org/files/Philippine-hats.pdf Shelley Ann Martinez. "Balisong art by Master Ona." Accessed November 12, 2018 https://journeyunderblueskies.wordpress.com/2015/11/15/balisong-art-by-master-ona/ Vigan Ph. "Burnay Jars – Burnay Pottery." Accessed November 11, 2018. https://www.vigan.ph/arts-and-crafts/burnay-jars-burnay-pottery.html

Glossary

Artwork - p ainting, drawing, and other artistic works. Bagoong - a fermented shrimp or fish paste Basketry - T he art of basket making. Blacksmith – A person who repairs and makes things in metal using the hand. Buri - is a fermented alcoholic beverage made from sugarcane. Buri originated in Ilocos Region. Exhibit - public display of artwork. Ilongot - The people inhabiting northern Luzon in the Philippines. Kadangyan – A Cordilleran term which means rich. Kiln - a furnace for baking pottery. Latch – A device used for holding an object. Mambabatok - Kalinga tattoo artist. Pottery - A craft or profession of making pottery. Rim – An outer edge of an object. Stem - a long and thin supportive or main section of something. Tapestry - a piece of thick fabric with pictures or designs formed by weaving. Technique - A way of carrying out a task. Theme - central subject of an artwork. Ventilation - The provision of fresh air in a room. Weft - the crosswise threads on a loom over and under which other threads are passed to make cloth. Wrap - a loose outer garment or piece of material.

Arts and Crafts of Luzon Highlands and Lowlands Meaning

Source: https://pdfcoffee.com/unit-1-luzon-arts-and-crafts-pdf-free.html