Arts and Crafts of Luzon Highlands and Lowlands Meaning

UNIT 1: L ​ uzon Arts and Crafts  Table of Contents

Introduction

5

Review

6

Lesson 1: Arts from the Highlands and Lowlands of Luzon Learning Targets Warm-up Learn about It! Check Your Understanding Hands-On Hearts-On

7  7  7  8  16  16  18

Lesson 2: Understanding the Arts of Luzon Learning Targets Warm-up Learn about It! Check Your Understanding Hands-On Hearts-On

19  19  19  20  25  26  28

Lesson 3: Drawing Inspired by the Attire, Fabric and Tapestries of the People from  Luzon Learning Targets Warm-up Learn about It! Check Your Understanding Hands-On Hearts-On

29  29  29  31  35  36  38

Lesson 4: Assembling Luzon Art Inspired Accessories

39

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  Learning Targets Warm-up Learn about It! Check Your Understanding Hands-On Hearts-On

39  40  42  49  51  53

Lesson 5: Painting the Architectural Wonders of Luzon Learning Targets Warm-up Learn about It! Check Your Understanding Hands-On Hearts-On

54  54  54  56  61  62  64

Lesson 6: Reimagining Luzon Sculptures and Everyday Objects Learning Targets Warm-up Learn about It! Check Your Understanding Hands-On Hearts-On

65  65  66  67  70  71  73

Lesson 7: Luzon Arts and Crafts Exhibit Learning Targets Warm-up Learn about It! Check Your Understanding Hands-On Hearts-On

74  74  75  76  78  79  81

Did You Know?

81

Wrap Up

82

Self-Check

82

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  Bibliography

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Glossary

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  GRADE 7

UNIT 1

Luzon Arts and Craft

      Fig. 1​.The Luzon Island and the arts and crafts from the different indigenous groups of highlands and lowlands  of Luzon.

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  Introduction

  What is art? Art stands for many things. Anything that conveys ideas, feelings, and experiences  is art. Art is everywhere. It abounds in the community where you live.     Our  culture  is  recognizable  from  other  neighboring  countries  from  Asia.  Through  migrations,  countries  from  the  different  part  of  the  world  have  come  in  the  Philippines;  they  had  left  a  cultural mark on which have passed from them to the current generation.    We  will  focus  on  indigenous  arts  and  crafts  of  Luzon  Island.  Luzon  is  the  most  populous  and  largest island in the Philippines.    You  will  be  familiar  with the cultural motifs of arts and crafts of the Highlands and lowlands of  the Luzon Island. These art motifs will help you understand and appreciate the diversity of our  culture.  Activities  are  also  provided  to  assist  you  in  a  deeper  appreciation  for  the  role  played  by indigenous folk arts and crafts in the community and our identity as Filipinos.

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    Review    ● Elements of Arts: Line    A  line  is  a  path  created  by  a  moving  point.  Lines  have  different  characteristics.  It  can  vary in quality and direction. They may be short or long, fine or thick, wavy or jagged.    There are two kinds of lines according to directions – straight and curved.    Straight  lines  ​imply  strength  and  power.  There  are  four  kinds  of  straight  lines  –  horizontal line, vertical line, diagonal line, and jagged or zigzag line.    Curved  lines  are  results  of  a  gradual  change  of  direction.  There  are  four  kinds  of  curved lines – scroll or S line, spiral, concave, and convex lines.

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  Lesson 1: Arts from the Highlands and Lowlands  of Luzon    A  country's  past  dictates  its  tradition  and  culture.  This  tradition  remains presented in the arts  through  fine  arts,  weaving, dress, accessories, beliefs, folk tales, etc. In this discussion, you will  able  to  understand  how  lines,  repetitions,  forms,  balance,  and  rhythm  give  significance  to  an  artwork.  It  is  essential  in  appreciating  the  world  around  you  and  you  as  a  significant  part  of  the masterpiece by the One who created everything.

  Learning Targets  In this lesson, you should be able to:   ● identify  characteristics  of  arts  and  crafts  in  specific  areas  in  Luzon  such  as  paper  mâché  [taka]  from  Paete,  Ifugao  wood  sculptures  [bul'ul],  Cordillera  jewelry  and  pottery, tattoo, and Ilocos weaving and pottery [burnay];  ● reflect  on  and  derive  the  mood,  idea,  or  message  emanating  from  selected  artifacts  and art objects; and  ● create artworks showing the characteristic elements of the arts of Luzon.

  Warm-up  Can you name them?  These  are  the  different  folk  arts  from  Luzon  Island.  Can  you  name  them  and  give  a  short  description of each folk art?

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  Learn about It!  The  Philippines  is  composed  of beautiful artworks, especially,  with  folk  arts.  ​Folk  arts  are  the  craftsmanship  of  people  representing  a  local  area  which depicts everyday life scenario  and  given  from  generation  to  generation.  Folk  art  is  useful  and  decorative.  Folk  artists  usually  undergo  an  apprenticeship  in  informal  settings  to  learn  techniques.  Folk  art  reflects  established  art  forms  of  diverse  cultural  community groups.    Pangasinan  Pangasinan  is  known  as  the  salt  capital  of  the  Philippines. The name Pangasinan means "land  of  salt."  Pangasinan is the third largest province in the Philippines. Pangasinan is known as the  country's  most  distinct  provinces  where  an  abundance  of landscapes is present. Pangasinan's  arts and crafts include ​bolinao ​mats made from raffia leaves or b ​ uri​.

  Fig. 1. ​Bolinao mats that are weaved using raffia leaves.

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    Marikina

In  1630,  Marikina  was  built  and  initially  called  as  Mariquina.In  1901,  it  was  changed  to  Marikina  by  the  First  Philippine  Commissioner,  Pardo  de  Tavera.  Marikina  was  declared  as  a  city  through  the  Republic  Act  8223  on  December  8,  1996.  In  1887,  the  shoemaking  started  to  flourish.  Currently,  Marikina  is  known  as  the  Shoe  Capital  of the Philippines and the hearth of  the world's most enormous pair of shoes approved by the Guinness Book of World Records.

                Fig. 2. ​Marikina City on a Philippine Postal Stamp.

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  Laguna    Paete,  Laguna  was  announced  as  the  "Carving  Capital  of  the  Philippines"  in  2005.  Paete  derived  its  name  from  ​paet​,  a  Tagalog  word  for  a  chisel,  a  principal  tool used in woodcarving.  Paete,  Laguna  is  known  for  its  generations  of  skilled  artists  and  their  woodcarvings.  Included  in their arts and crafts is ​taka​.     Taka  ​is  a  paper  mache  made  using  carved  wooden  sculpture  as  a  mold.  The  art  of  taka  –  making  developed  during  the  American  period  when  the  growing  newspaper  industry  produced  more  newsprint.  Unfortunately,  the  introduction  of  plastic  toys  took  its  toll  in  taka  industry  causing  it  to  lessen  its  demand  production  slowly.  The  taka  industry  wasn't  able  to  regain its peak until the mid-70s and early 80s.

  Fig. 3. ​Horse t​ akas a ​ long the road of Paete, Laguna.

  Kalinga    Kalinga  is  both  an  indigenous  cultural  group  and  a  province  in  the  heart  of  the  Cordillera  Region,  North  Luzon,  Philippines.  Kalinga  people  are  known  for  their  distinctive  body  art.  In  Kalinga,  Mambabatok  is  a  tattoo  artist.  Kalinga  tattoos  are  inspired  by  daily  objects  and  sceneries,  such  as  mountains,  ladders,  and  centipedes.  Women  display  their  social  status  through  tattoos  however  men's  symbol  is  meant  to  be  symbolic  as  specific  designs are saved  only  for  men  to  demonstrate  their  bravery,  battles  won  and  how  many  people  they  have  killed.

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  Apo  Whang-Od  is  the  last  Kalinga  practicing  traditional  ​mambabatok​.  Apo  Whang-Od's  skills  and  techniques  are  currently  being  passed  unto  her  13-year-old  granddaughter  and  apprentice.

  Fig. 4. ​Hands of a Kalinga woman showing her tattoos.

  Ifugao    The  ​Linglingo  ​or  ​Dinumug  ​is  an  accessory  used  by  the  Ifugaos  as  a  fertility  symbol  worn  around  the  neck.  Made  from  jade,  shells,  clay,  and  stones.  They  also  wear  a  necklace  called  pangalapang​. Men wore woven loincloth around their hips.

  Fig. 5. L​ inglingo ​and d ​ inumug ​are fertility charm worn around the neck by Ifugaos.  Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lingling-o-X3.jpg

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    Fig. 6. (​ Right image) A rare photo of an Ifugao child wearing a p ​ angalapang​. (Left image) A p ​ angalapang i​ s a  necklace worn by Ifugaos which is made from seashells.  Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/johntewell/7418382858;  https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Filippine,_luzon_del_nord,_ifugao,_collana_pangalapang,_xix_secolo.jpg

  The  ​bulul  ​is  an  Ifugao  rice  god.  The  Ifugao  rice fields are guarded by the ​bulul​. ​Bululs ​are kept  in  the  house  or  granary  and  made  in  pairs.  ​Bulul  ​is  carved  out  from  Narra  wood,  which  represents wealth, happiness, and well-being.

  Fig. 7. ​A ​bulul s​ tatue from the Ifugaos.

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  Vigan, Ilocos Sur    Aside  from  the  historical  ancestral  houses  that  display  architectural  fusion  from  Spanish  colonization,  the  people  of  Vigan  also  exert  great  efforts  in  preserving  the  tradition  of  making  ​burnay​.  ​Burnay  ​is  unglazed  earthen  jars  that  have  small  openings  and  uses  for  drinking  tea,  rice  grains, salt and brown sugar storage, b ​ asi​, and b ​ agoong​.    Burnay  ​was  made  with  the  potter's  skillful hands, pottery wheel and kiln.  Potter  use  grade  A  clay  that  is  widely  available  at  Vigan.  Fine  sand  is  utilized  to  temper  the  mud, which after molding into the desired shape, it  will be in a high-temperature ​kiln​ m ​ ade from brick and clay.

    Inabel  ​fabric  is  a  handwoven  cloth  from  Ilocos  Region.  ​Inabel  ​fabric  is  from  cotton  which  undergoes  the  process  of  ​Binatbatan​.  ​Binatbatan  is  continuously  beating  the  cotton  balls  until  the  desired  parts  retained.  The  textile  is  dyed  using the sap of ​sagut ​or black plum which  is Pangasinan. The weaving method is called P ​ anagabel​, the oldest weaving tradition in Ilocos.

  Fig. 9. D ​ ifferent panels of an Inabel fabric.

  Motifs:  1. Geometric shapes  2. Repeated Patterns  3. Usage of bright colors      C ​ opyright ​©​ 2018 Quipper Limited

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  Check Your Understanding    Answer the following.  1. What is known as the "Carving Capital of the Philippines"?   2. What is known as the "Salt Capital of the Philippines"?   3. What  is  the  unglazed  earthen  jars  that  have  small  openings  and  uses  for  drinking  tea,  rice grains, salt and brown sugar storage, ​basi​, and b ​ agoong​?   4. What is the necklace worn everyday by Ifugaos?   5. What is a paper mache made using carved wooden sculpture as a mold?  6. Why  is  it  that  the  tattoos  of  Kalinga  men  are  symbolic  and  saved  only  for  special  remarks?  7. Why was the production and demand of Taka making was lessened?  8. Why was the process of taka making developed during American period?  9. Why is Bulul an important piece of carvings in Ifugao?  10.Discuss the process of Inabel making.

  Hands-On

Taka, Papier Mache Making    Materials  1. Newspaper  2. Gawgaw ​paste  3. Paint (Acrylic or tempera)  4. Paint brush  5. Water  6. Towel or rag  7. ScissorsPaintbrush

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  Procedure:  1. Create a skeleton of the creature you are going to build. Use a ball of newspaper to  make the body, legs, and head.   2. Tape on wads of crumpled paper to fill out the body.  3. Dip strips of newspaper and dip them one at a time in your ​gawgaw p ​ aste mixture.  4. Cover the creature's entire body with one layer at a time. Make six to ten layers to build  up until form you want.  5. Let the t​ aka d ​ ry.  6. Paint your creature, add details and pattern.  7. Display all finished work.         CRITERIA  General  Criteria

Content-  Specific  Criteria

Apprentice  (0-2 pts)

Novice  (3-6 pts)

Master  (7-10 pts)

The artwork promotes respect,  love, peace, and unity.

      The artwork celebrates folk arts  of indigenous people.

      The artwork shows the locality  of the indigenous people in the  Philippines.

      The artwork communicates  appreciation to the indigenous  people in the Philippines.

      The artwork shows originality  and craftsmanship.

      The artist was able to manage  time properly.

      The artist used the required  materials.

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  The artist used various colors in    the artwork.

    The artist used stylized shapes    based on nature in the artwork.

    The artist made good use of  repetition for the motif.

      TOTAL    Key Guide Questions  1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Explain why Paete is one of the most artistic communities in our country.  Did you follow the instructions in making a paper mache?  Describe each procedure in making a papier mache.  Which papier mache do you like best? how about your finished ​taka​?  Are you happy about your ​taka​? Explain.

  Hearts-On    Feelings / Situations

I disagree.

I agree.

I strongly agree.

The various folk arts represent our local    communities.

    The different folk arts highlights the  beauty and uniqueness of our country.

      It is important to study the folk arts of  our cultural communities because it  shows appreciation and love for our  country.

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  Lesson 2: Understanding the Arts of Luzon    Art is equivalent to human existence. Almost all perspectives of our lives revealed in Art. Art is  omnipresent. It is everywhere - in the houses we live, the clothes we wear, the furniture and  appliances we use. Every one of us lives with art. It is the visual evidence of a country's culture.

    Learning Targets    In this lesson, you should be able to:   ● identify, locate, and explain artworks in the community;  ● appreciate  the  artifacts  and  art  objects  in  terms  of  their  uses  and  their  distinct  use  of  art elements and principles;  ● analyze  the  elements  and  principles  of  art  in  the  production  of  one's  arts  and  crafts  inspired by the arts of Luzon (highlands and lowlands); and  ● produce simple artworks inspired by the arts of Luzon.

  Warm-up    Art is everywhere.  Look  at  the  image  and  describe  the  element  of  art  present  in  the  object  on  the  photo.  What  are  the  lines  use? What are the colors used? What are the forms use? What kind of space does  it  have?  Now,  look  around  you.  Describe  the things that surround you. What are the elements  of art present on the objects surrounding you?

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  Learn about It!  An  artwork  should  serve  the  purpose  for  which  it  as  designed  to  have  meaning.  The  products  of  art  become  economically  helpful especially in the livelihood category of art.    Functional  Art  is  any  piece  of  artwork  intended  for  a  specific  purpose as well as be a means to generate income.    Painting.  Sculpture.  Literature,  music,  theater  arts,  and  dance  proved  desire  and  enjoyment  and therefore are not considered functional.    Here are some of the functional art from Luzon Island:    Hagabi    Hagabi  ​is  a  bench  used  only  among  rich  Ifugaos.  ​Hagabi  ​is  the  ultimate  symbol  of  wealth.  Ngiwit  ​is  the  two  stylized  heads  carved  at  either  end  of the seat and represents the head of a  pig.  Hagabi  is  carved only in Ifugao. The installation and carving of Hagabi require a significant  number of funds and energy.     The  carving  begins  upon determining if the omens are right by a priest; if they are, carvers are  conveyed  to the forest to select a big Narra or Ipil tree to carve a Hagabi. Workers are not paid  with  money  but are generously supplied with food and drink until the carving is complete. The  tree  picked  is  often  at a numerous extent at the owner's house, and the transfer of the ​Hagabi  from  the  carving  site  is  usually  a  difficult  task.  It  is  enormous  that  it  requires  many  carriers,  but  it  is  appropriately  transported,  considerably  enhanced  by an endless amount of wine and  food at each depot along the way.    After  the  arrival  of  the  Hagabi  at  the  owner's  house, three days of celebration spent in eating,  drinking and dancing to identify the arrival and installation of Hagabi.

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      Fig. 1. T ​ his bench indicated the status of the upper class (​Kadangyan​). Carved using a single piece of wood, the  two stylized heads formed at both ends are N ​ giwit​, and it represents the head of a pig.

    Ifugao bowls    The  Ifugao  have  bowls  that  have  various shapes with some of the handles carved opposite on  the  side  rim  of  the  container.  These  bowls  represent  a  body  of a reptile or a pig. The animal's  body  is  the  container,  and  the  head  and  tail  functioned  as  handles.  The footings serve as the  foot of the animal.

    Fig. 2. A ​ n Ifugao wooden bowl with represents a body of a reptile or a pig.

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  Ifugao Rice Terraces    The  Ifugaos  formed  out  the  side  of  the  mountain  to  make  the  rice  terraces.  End  to  end,  the  rice  paddies  would  range  out  for  6,000  km  up  to  the  hill  of  the  Cordillera  Central.  For further  than  2,000  years,  they  hollowed  out  the rock to make rice paddies by hand using rudimentary  tools.  The  rice  terraces  witnessed  the  engineering  achievement  and  creative  genius  of  the  Ifugaos.    In  1995,  the  Ifugao  Rice  Terraces  was  included  in  the  UNESCO  World  Heritage  List  in  recognition  of  the  living organically – a developed cultural landscape shaped by sacred culture  and tradition of Ifugao People.    In  2005,  the  Ifugao  Rice  Terraces  was  added  to  the  list  of  World  Heritage  Sites  in  Danger  as  uncontrolled  tourism  and  marketing  that  threatens  the  natural  heritage  of  the  province  and  its inhabitants.    On  March  17,  2009,  the  Rice  Terraces  was  announced  as  a  genetically  modified  organism  (GMO)-Free zone.

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  Balisong    The word Balisong may mean two things:   1. A barrio in the town of Taal, Batangas;  2. Butterfly knife    The  word  Balisong  means  broken  horn.  It  is  from  the  words  "Bali"  which  means  to break and  "sung" which means the horn of the water buffalo.    The  butterfly  knife  was  introduced  in  1905  by  Perfecto  de  Leon  which  originated  from  barrio  Balisong  Taal,  Batangas.  His  involvement  with  Muslim  blades  motivated  him  to crafts the first  knife with bent r​ im​s.     The  knives  are  handmade.  A  ​blacksmith  will  produce  the  blade,  and  another  worker  will  sharpen  it.  The  handle  maker  will  prepare  the  frames.  Then  it  is  time  to  put  together  the  edges, handles, and ​latch​es. ​The sizes of butterfly knife vary from small to large.

            Fig. 3. ​A butterfly knife with handles made from antlers horn.

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  Suklang    Suklang  is an everyday hat worn by men of Bontoc. Suklang is an essential attire to indicate an  eligible  bachelor  status  or  designate  a  marital  status.  Bachelors  wore  the  more  beautiful  version  with  yellow  stripes  and  dog  teeth  known  as  ​falaka​.  Married  men  usually  wear simple  suklang​.

  Fig. 4. ​Suklang is an everyday hat worn by of Bontoc.  Source:  https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bachelor%27s_hat,_Bontoc,_northern_Luzon,_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art_8426.1 .JPG

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        Check Your Understanding    Answer the following questions:  1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

What is the ultimate symbol of wealth in Ifugao?  What is the everyday hat worn by men of Bontoc?  What is the knife famous in Taal, Laguna?  What are the stylized edges at both ends of Hagabi that represents the head of a pig?  How many years it took to finish the Ifugao Rice Terraces?

  TRUE OR FALSE  1. In  1995,  the  Ifugao  Rice  Terraces  was  included  in  the  UNESCO  World  Heritage  List  in  recognition  of  the  living  organically  –  a  developed  cultural  landscape  shaped  by sacred  culture and tradition of Ifugao People.  2. On  March  17,  2010,  The  Rice  Terraces  announced  as  a  genetically  modified  organism  (GMO)-Free zone.  3. The  word  Balisong  means  broken  butterfly.  It  is  from  the  words  "Bali"  which  means  to

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  break and "sung" which means the horn of the water buffalo.   4. Fine  Art  is  any  piece of artwork intended for a specific purpose as well as be a means to  generate income.  5. Suklang  is  an  essential  attire  to  indicate  an  eligible  bachelor  status  or  designate  a  marital status.

  Hands-On    Ifugao Rice Terraces Painting    Materials:  1. Oslo paper  2. Watercolor  3. Paintbrush  4. Water    Refer  to  the  image  below.  Copy  the drawing as close as possible. Observe the lines and colors  used.

    Fig. 6. ​A painting of Ifugao Rice Terraces.  Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ifugao_Rice_Terraces.jpg

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    CRITERIA  General  Criteria

Content-  Specific  Criteria

Apprentice  (0-2 pts)

Novice  (3-6 pts)

Master  (7-10 pts)

The artwork promotes respect,  love, peace, and unity.

      The artwork celebrates folk arts  of indigenous people.

      The artwork shows the locality  of the indigenous people in the  Philippines.

      The artwork communicates  appreciation to the indigenous  people in the Philippines.

      The artwork shows originality  and craftsmanship.

      The artist was able to manage  time properly.

      The artist used the required  materials.

      The  artist  observes  the element    of arts.

    The  artist  observes  the  use  of    the principle of art.

    The artist made good use of  repetition for the motif.

      TOTAL

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    Key Guide Questions  1. Describe how you created the landscape.  2. How  were  you  able  to  respect  the  originality  of  one's  artwork  and  artwork  of  other?  3. How  were  you  able  to  demonstrate  your  ability  to  use  painting  to  organizes  and  idea for landscape?  4. What kinds of lines did you use in your landscape?  5. What kinds of colors did you use in your landscape?

  Hearts-On

  Feelings / Situations

I disagree.

I agree.

I strongly agree.

The various functional arts  represent our local communities.

    The different functional arts  highlighted the beauty and  uniqueness of our country through  their use of elements and principles  of arts.

    It is important to study the folk arts  of our cultural communities  because it shows appreciation and  love for our country.

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  Lesson  3:  Drawing  Inspired  by  the  Attire,  Fabric  and Tapestries of the People from Luzon    All  cultures  in  the  world  produce art that is uniquely theirs. It is one of the essential aspects of  life and one of the oldest means of expressions enhanced by man.    In  the  lesson,  you  have  opportunities  to  explore  the  gift  of  art  as well as develop your unique  forms of expression.

  Learning Targets    In this lesson, you should be able to:   ● incorporates  the  design,  form,  and  spirit  of  the  highland/lowland  artifact  and  object  in  one's creation;  ● describe the attire, fabric, and tapestries of the Luzon Island;  ● derives elements from traditions/history of a community for one's artwork;and  ● appreciate the beauty of the attire, fabric and tapestries of the Luzon island.

  Warm-up    TEXTILE OF LUZON BUBBLE MAP    The  textile  of  different  cultural  community  in  Luzon  Island  is  an  essential  part  of  their  daily  lives  for  it  shows  their  weaving  technique  and  tradition  through  their  attire  and  tapestry.  Fill  out the information below based on what you can recall about the textile of Luzon Island.          C ​ opyright ​©​ 2018 Quipper Limited

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  Learn about It!  The  Philippines  has  a  diverse  cultural  setting.  It  contains  various  cultural  motifs  per  island.  Cultural  Motifs  are  the  central theme of folk art and design.     Read  on  to  understand  specific  design  characteristic  of  the  textile from Luzon Island.    Ikat of Ifugao    Philippine  ikat  weaving  is  frequently practiced in the Cordilleras in the northern Philippines by  the Ifugao tribes which exercise ikat techniques in creating their famous​ t​ apestries​.    Ikat implies "to tie" or "to bind" in the Indonesian language.    Ikat  is  a  weaving  technique  that  uses  a  resist  dyeing  process  similar  to  tie-dye  on  either  the  warp or weft before the threads are woven to create a pattern or design.

  Fig. 1. ​A panel of Ikat tapestry by Ifugao tribes.

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  There are various types of Ikat weaving:     1. Warp  ​ikat​.  ​Warp  Ikat  is  when  only  the  vertical  yarn,  the  ​warp​,  is  tie-dyed  for  weaving.  It's practiced in natural patterns.    2. Weft  ​ikat.  Weft  Ikat  is  when  only  the  horizontal  yarn,  the  ​weft​, is tie-dyed for weaving.  Weft ikat appears in a more unconventional and organic fabric design.    3. Double i​ ka​t. ​Both the warp and the weft are tie-dyed.    Their motif characterized by the following:  1. Dominant blue stripes  2. Diamond stripes of white and red  3. Repetitive pattern    Kalinga Textile    Kalinga  hand  woven  fabrics  are  dominant  red  stripes  and  motifs  of  geometric  patterns  with  nature symbols interlaced with white yellow and black fibers.    Created  initially  in  Lubuagan,  the  ​ka-in  which  is  the  ​wrap​around  skirt  is  now  more  known  as  the Kalinga.     The different types of k ​ a-in​ are​ gilamat, silugwid, pilakpak, gililing, lilaktob ​and​ ilaglis.     For men's g-strings, there are the ​pilagpagen, kilayao, a ​ nd​ sillayuti.    These  are  traditionally  on  rituals  and  special  occasions  like  weddings,  festivals,  and  other  important events.     In  Kalinga  weaving  symbolism,  the  sky  and  ground  are  represented  by  the  colors  indigo  and  red  respectively.  Mountains  are  in  color  yellow  in  the  fabric.  Yellow  symbolizes  wealth  and  refers to growth and fertility. Beading is another distinct characteristic of the Kalinga apparel.

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  Kalinga people are great weavers. Kalinga textiles characterized by the following:    1. Dominant red stripes  2. Black, white, and yellow fibers  3. Repetitive patterns  4. Nature symbols  5. Geometric patterns

  Fig. 2. ​A Kalinga Textile.  Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skirt_from_northern_Luzon,_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art_8363.1.JPG

  Bontoc Textile    Bontoc  hand  woven  fabrics  are  characterized  by  motifs  that  include  geometric  shapes  of  things around them such as man, lizard, mountain, rains, and flower.     Siniwsiwan ​is Bontoc blanket and clothing.     Siniwsiwan  is  for  ​wanes  or  men's  G-string  (Bahag)  and  getup  and  ​Lufid  ​(Tapis)  among  women.     Married  women  of  Bontoc and Kankanaey wears a variety of belt called ​ginaspala ​wanes with  inawin​ w ​ hich is a continuous zigzag pattern.  C ​ opyright ​©​ 2018 Quipper Limited

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    Bontoc  weaves  ​siniwsiwan​,  a  term  for  Bontocs'  clothing  and  fabrics. The motifs of the Bontocs  are:  1. Geometric shapes  2. Repetitive patterns  3. Nature symbols such as lizard, sun, sky, plants, flowers.

  Fig. 3. A ​ Bontoc weaving a ​siniwsiwan​, a handwoven fabric of Bontoc.

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      Check Your Understanding    Answer the following questions:    1. What  kind  of  weaving  is  frequently  practiced  in  the  Cordilleras  in  the  northern  Philippines by the Ifugao tribes?   2. What  is  an  ​Ikat  ​weaving  technique  that  happens  only  when  the  vertical  yarn, the ​warp​,  is tie-dyed for weaving. It's practiced in natural patterns?  3. What is Bontoc blanket and clothing?   4. Ifugao textile is characterized by what color?  5. In  Kalinga  weaving  symbolism,  the sky and ground are represented by the colors indigo  and red respectively. Mountains are represented by what color?

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    TRUE OR FALSE  1. The people of Luzon have different ways of weaving textiles.  2. Married Bontoc women can be identified by the belt they are wearing.  3. Kalinga people are great weavers.  4. Siniwsiwan is the textile of the Ifugaos.  5. The Ifugaos use only the natural colors of the threads.

  Hands-On

My Very Own Weaving Inspired by Luzon Textiles    Materials:  1. Bond paper  2. Scissors  3. Colored paper    Procedure:  1. Choose a traditional Luzon textile which will be your inspiration in this activity.  2. Fold the bond paper and colored paper in half.  3.  Cut  them  into parallel slits to within about 1 inch from the edge of the paper which makes a  paper frame that holds the parallel strips ​(the warp) i​ n place.  4.  The cut strips of paper ​(the weft) in a variety of color to weave in and out of the warp strips  in the paper frame.  5. Weave the papers according to the chosen design from Luzon textile  6. The finished products will be tacked to the wall so they may be recognized.      CRITERIA  General

The artwork promotes respect,

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Apprentice  (0-2 pts)

Novice  (3-6 pts)

Master  (7-10 pts)

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  Criteria

Content-  Specific  Criteria

love, peace, and unity.  The artwork celebrates folk arts  of indigenous people.

      The artwork shows the locality  of the indigenous people in the  Philippines.

      The artwork communicates  appreciation to the indigenous  people in the Philippines.

      The artwork shows originality  and craftsmanship.

      The artist was able to manage  time properly.

      The artist used the required  materials.

      The  artist  observes  the  proper    procedure.

    The  artist  was  able  to  use    variations of colors.

    The artist made good use of  repetition for the motif.

      TOTAL    Key Guide Questions  1. Looking around you, what are the products made from weaving?  2. How does weaving contribute to the Philippine economy?  3. Why is weaving very simple?  C ​ opyright ​©​ 2018 Quipper Limited

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  4. Do you love your finished weaving product?  5. How  were  you  able  to  show  love  and  appreciation  to  our  culture  after  doing  your  activity?

Hearts-On    Feelings / Situations

I disagree.

I agree.

I strongly agree.

The various  hand-woven textile  represents our  hand-woven local  communities.

    The various  hand-woven textile  highlighted the  beauty and  uniqueness of our  country.

    It is important to  study the folk arts of  our cultural  communities because  it shows appreciation  and love for our  country.

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  Lesson  4:  Assembling  Luzon  Art  Inspired  Accessories    Art and society is one indication of one's true citizenship and cannot take independently.  Every Filipino secretes the talent that originates from his domain that represents the  uniqueness of its art.

  Learning Targets    In this lesson, you should be able to:   ● incorporates  the  design,  form,  and  spirit  of  the  highland/lowland  artifact and object in  one's creation;  ● identify and locate accessories worn by each local community;  ● create  crafts  that  can  be  locally  assembled  with  local  materials,  guided  by  local  traditional techniques (e.g., habi, lilip, etc); and  ● appreciate the beauty of Filipino fashion and design in clothing and accessories.

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  Warm-up  I Represent the Filipino Culture through My Designs.  Identify the following world renowned fashion designers that used Filipino cultural motifs on  their designs:

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    Learn about It!

  Fikum    The  ​fikum  ​shows  that  Ifugao  men  are  recognized  as  combatant  headhunters  of  the  ​kadangyan  ​class​.  The  ​fikum  is  a  hip  embellishment  made  of  a  large  mother  of  pearl  shell,  the  center  is  a  coconut  disc  with  a  fine  cord  of  rattan  going  within  the  two  holes  that  pierced  through,  and  the  rattan  created  loops  are  then  connected  to  a  copper  cord  that coils around the waistline as a belt.     The  ​fikum  ​has  etched  edges.  The  etched  design  of  the  ​fikum  ​derived  its  inspiration  from  the  ornament  of  a  tree  fern,  as  the  representation  of  the  tree  fern  is  known  to  carry  protection.  The  tree  fern  grows  rapid  thrusting  upward,  budding  immediately  from  the  top  of  the  trunk  into a considerably large size.      Tree  fern  tattoo  designs  are  designated  on  the  upper  chest  of  warrior  head  hunting  males  after  they  have  successfully  killed  a  head,  as  a  sign  of  refuge  and  success.  Tattooing  on  the  arms  and  shoulders  of  females  are  for  beautification  and  to  express  the  progression  of  the  stages in life.    Fikum  ​is  said  to  be  for  purely  accessory  use  during  ceremonies,  to  be  worn  by  ​kadangyan  warrior  headhunting  males  only.  The  ​kadangyan ​represents the wealthy class within the social  structure of the Igorot people.

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      Fig. 1. F​ ikum​, mother of pearl shell; central medallion of coconut shell; etched edges; and a tassel of beads.

Fig. 2. ​Bontoc warriors wearing a f​ ikum.

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  Ling - ling o    Ling-ling  o  is  a  gold  ear  embellishment.  ​Ling-ling  o  is  a  representation  of  the  female  reproductive  emblem,  highlighting  the  life-giving  characteristics  of  females.  The  term ling-ling  o  is  from  the  word  sing  sing  meaning  earring  in  ​Tagalog​.  There  are  common  comparisons  of  this symbolic figure shaped in the alphabet letter C.

  Fig. 3. A ​ po Whang Od, 95 Years Old, The last Kalinga ​mambabatok​ w ​ earing a ling - ling o. Apo Whang Od is giving  a traditional tattoo to a tourist.  Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Whang-od_tattooing.jpg

  Baoya and Tangkil    The  ​baoya  ​and  the  ​tangkil  ​of  the  Bontoc  tribe  were  worn  by  Bontoc  warrior  males  and  denoted headhunter status and success.     The  ​baoya  ​is  from  crocodile  teeth  wrapped  in  ​basketry​.  Crocodile  teeth  were  the  numerous  prestigious  material  for  ornaments.  Throughout  the  Philippines,  there  is  a  regard  for  this  reptile,  and  it  said  that  crocodile  teeth  contain  talismanic  power,  giving  magic  to  the  wearer.  The  fearlessness  and  carnivorous  ferocity  was  a  comparison  for  an  ornament  worn  at  head  taking ceremonies.      The  ​tangkil  ​is  an  arm  embellishment  made  with  boar's  tusks,  rattan,  and  wood.  This

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  ornament  is  worn  by  the  Ifugao,  Bontoc,  and  Kakanay  on  both  arms  above  the  elbow.  The  fangs  empowered  the  wearer  with  strength,  speed,  endurance,  and  ferocity  of  a  wild  boar.  The Bontoc headhunter formed the vision of a half man and half animal.    These  ornaments  along  with  the  ​fikum  ​were  considered  to  be  luxury  items  of  the  ​kadangyan  class. The b ​ aoya a ​ nd the t​ angkil i​ s worn with a necklace of a ​ gate​ beads.     In  full  ritual  dressing,  a  Bontoc  warrior  would  be seen dancing to the mesmerizing beat of the  gong,  embodying  the  mythic, supernatural creature that would take an enemy head and bring  it back triumphantly to his village.

  Fig. 4. T ​ he​ ​tangkil​ ​is an arm embellishment made with boar's tusks, rattan, and wood.

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  Battling    Battling  is  a  scarlet  hornbill  jewelry  and  a  primary  piece  of  ornaments  for  the  ​Ilongot  ​male  warrior  revealing  masculine  prestige  and  headhunting  prowess.  The  ​battling  earring  ornaments  marked  the  Ilongot headhunters, as only those who had taken heads had the right  to use the battling.     It  is  around  five  inches  long;  the  hornbill  beak  is in a rough form with strings of tiny oval disks  of  a  mother  of  pearl  associated with fine brass wire, worn waved from the upper earlobe. The  battling is in constant action as light reflects from the pearl disks, connecting the movement to  laughter,  health,  and  happiness  as  the  warrior  brings  good  fortune  to  the  family.  The

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    appearance  of  these  earrings,  in  an  acute  angle,  characterizes  the  ​upug​,  an  ​Ilongot  ​term  for  beauty that is forceful and intense.    The  colour  red  of  these  earrings  describes  associations  with  youthful  vitality  possessed  by  warrior men.

  Fig. 6. ​An ​Ilongot m ​ ale warrior wearing a battling.

  Sipattal    The  ​sipattal  ​is  made  of  carved  butterfly  shaped  mother  of  pearl  shell,  red,  black  and  blue  glass  beading  and  engraved  fringe  edges  that  hang  in  a  repeated  pattern,  worn  dangled  on  the  chest  along  with  a  string  of  beads  on  the  head.  The  ​sipattal  ​necklace  is  used  for  special  celebrations  or  marriage,  as  part  of  the  endowment  of  the  family. The groom gives ​sipattal ​as  a  gift  to  the  parents  of  the  bride  as  compensation  to  their  love  and  care  and  for  the  loss  of  services they will incur after marriage. their loss of her services to the family.

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    Fig. 7. ​A ​sipattal​, a beaded necklace from Isneg tribe.  Source:  https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Filippine,_luzon_del_nord,_ifugao,_ornamento_pettorale_sipatal,_1900-20_ca.jp g

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    Check Your Understanding  Answer the following questions:    1. What  do  we  call  the  scarlet  hornbill  jewelry  and  primary  piece  of  ornaments  for  the  Ilongot male warrior revealing masculine prestige and headhunting prowess?   2. What  ornament  made  of  carved  butterfly  shaped  mother  of  pearl  shell,  red,  black  and  blue  glass  beading  and  engraved  fringe  edges  that  hang  in  a  repeated  pattern,  worn  dangled on the chest along with a string of beads on the head?

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  3. What is an arm embellishment made with boar's tusks, rattan, and wood?   4. What  is  a  hip  embellishment  made  of  a  large  mother  of  pearl  shell,  the  center  is  a  coconut  disc  with  a  fine  cord  of  rattan  going  within  the two holes that pierced through,  and  the  rattan  created  loops  are  then  connected to a copper cord that coils around the  waistline as a belt?   5. What is the accessory made from crocodile teeth wrapped in ​basketry?  6. The  etched  design  of  the  ​fikum  ​derived  its inspiration from the ornament of a tree fern,  as the representation of the tree fern is known as what?  7. Ling-ling  o  is  a  representation  of  the  female  reproductive  emblem,  highlighting  what  characteristics of a female?   8. The  ​battling  earring  ornaments  marked  the  Ilongot  headhunters.  Who  are  the  only  Ilongot allowed to wear a battling?   9. The ​tangkil e ​ mpowered the wearer with what characteristics of a wild boar?   10.   The  colour  red  of  the  battling  earrings  describes  associations  with  what  characteristic  possessed by warrior men of Ilongot tribe?

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  H ​ ands-On  Luzon Art-Inspired Colored Bracelets

  Materials:  1. Toilet Roll / Kitchen Roll Core  2. Yarn (Various colors)  3. Double sided tape  4. Needle    Procedure:  1. Choose a motif from Luzon art which will serve as inspiration in designing the bracelet  2. Cut the core of a toilet roll into three equal parts.  3.  Secure  the  end  of  the  wool to the inside of the tube with double-sided tape. Use glue at the  other end after wrapping.  4. Weave a pattern based on your chosen Luzon art.  5. Make sure you are using colors visible in the accessories of cultural communities.                C ​ opyright ​©​ 2018 Quipper Limited

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    CRITERIA  General  Criteria

Content-  Specific  Criteria

Apprentice  (0-2 pts)

Novice  (3-6 pts)

Master  (7-10 pts)

The artwork promotes respect,  love, peace, and unity.

      The artwork celebrates folk arts  of indigenous people.

      The artwork shows the locality  of the indigenous people in the  Philippines.

      The artwork communicates  appreciation to the indigenous  people in the Philippines.

      The artwork shows originality  and craftsmanship.

      The artist was able to manage  time properly.

      The artist used the required  materials.

      The  artist  observes  the  proper    procedure.

    The  artist  was  able  to  use    variations of colors.

    The artist made good use of  repetition for the motif.

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  Key Guide Questions    1. Looking around you, what are the accessories you can name based on cultural motifs of  the cultural community?  2. How does functional day contribute to Philippine Economy?  3. Why is weaving very interesting?  4. Do you love your finished product?  5. How  were  you  able  to  show  love  and  appreciation  to  our  culture  after  doing  your  activity?

Hearts-On    Feelings / Situations

I disagree.

I agree.

I strongly agree.

The various accessories  represent our local  communities.

    The various accessories  highlighted the beauty  and uniqueness of our  country.

    It is important to study  the folk arts of our  cultural communities  because it shows  appreciation and love  for our country.

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  Lesson  5:  Painting  the  Architectural  Wonders  of  Luzon    Architecture​,  the  art  of  creating  constructions,  is  one  of  the  oldest  art  forms.  Architecture  satisfies  man's  need  for  shelter  and  at  the  same  time  answer  his  longings  for  a beautiful and  tranquil  home.  Do  you  have  a  new  high  -  rise  buildings  in  your  locality?  Architecture  like  the  other art forms is always growing to fit the need of times.

    Learning Targets  In this lesson, you should be able to:     ● traces the external (foreign) and internal (indigenous) influences reflected in the design  of an artwork and in the making of a craft or artifact;  ● shows the relationship of Luzon (highlands and lowlands) arts and crafts to Philippine  culture, traditions, and history;   ● create a painting of one of the architectural wonders of Luzon; and,  ● appreciate the beauty of Luzon architecture.

Warm-up    Jumbled Letters  Arrange the following letters. Use the clue below to decode the word.

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  Learn about It!    Elements of Architecture    Space  It  is  an  essential  component  in  every  structure  is  space.  Malls  remain  vast  areas  for  strolling  and  storage  spaces.  Condominiums  employing  vertical  expansion  can  house  many  families.    Texture  Another  basic  need  in  architecture  is  texture. The texture is the exterior quality of a structure.  If a course or uneven texture is needed, limestone is used.    Interior  designing  is  the  art or practice of planning and supervising the design and execution  of architectural interiors and their furnishings.    Landscaping  is  transforming  a  natural  landscape  by  clearing, grading, or decorating plants. It  is used to create an aesthetic effect.    Painting  saturates  color  that  makes  a building or structure satisfactory to live in and pleasant  to the eyes. It is the final touch of a building.                        C ​ opyright ​©​ 2018 Quipper Limited

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  Different  architectural  styles  evolved  in  the  Philippines.  The  following  types  of  houses  ruled  Philippines' architectural landscape at a given time.    1. Lean-to​.  Lean  -  to  is  movable  one-sided  rectangular  shape  construction  made  from  long  wood  tied  with  a  roof  like a ​stem and covered with leaves, with support to balance  and  stand  it  freely.  Its  primary  function  is  to  protect  people  from  sun's  heat  and  the  rain.

    Fig, 1. ​A l​ ean - to​ architecture.  Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adirondack_Lean-to.jpg

2. Double  Lean-To​.  It  has  the  same  structures  lean-to,  but  its  two  sides  function  better  than the first.    3. Mountain  Houses​.  These  are  built  by people whose livelihood is in the mountains. The  Igorot's  house  is  called  ​fale​.  The  house  of  Cordillera  people  is  called  ​isneg​.  ​Banwas  ​is  the term given to the house of Mangyans.

  Fig. 2. ​Fale is an Ifugao house.  Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_Ifugao_House.png

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    4. Typhoon-proof  houses.  These  are  the  houses  from  Batanes  where  typhoons  are  monthly  visitors.  The  roofs  and  walls  are  one  meter  in  thickness.  The  apartments  are  heavy and massive from winds and steady rains. Wall textures are simple and plain.    5. Bahay  Kubo  or  Cube  House​.  This  housing method has reflected the Lowland Christian  ethnic  house  that  is  located  in  plains.  It  is  a  one-room  structure with bamboo floorings  and  ​sawali  ​wallings.  A  push  –  out  or  sliding  window provides proper ​ventilation in a hot  and  humid  climate.  It  has  a  balcony  or  veranda  that  opens  to  a  square  multi-purpose  bulwagan​,  the  main  room  of  the  house.  The  ​bulwagan  ​leads  to  the  ​kusina  ​or  kitchen  usually with a separate roof and to the open-air b ​ antalan​.

  Fig. 3. ​A b ​ ahay kubo​ or cube house.  Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bahay_kubo_impasug-ong.JPG

    Contemporary Structures    Today's  present  needs  and  demands  dictate  today's  current  structure.  Lots  have  become  smaller due to the increase in population.    The  vertical  expansion  style  of  tall  buildings  came  about  as  a  result  of  the  significant

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  population increase. One noted architect of his time is Leandro Locsin.    Leandro  Locsin  is  a  National  Artist  for  Architecture  who  reshaped  the urban landscape with a  distinctive  architecture  reflective  of  Philippine  Art  and  Culture.  His  works  have  themes  of  floating volume, the duality of lightness and heaviness, as well as massiveness.     From  1955  to  1994,  Locsin  has  produced  75  residences  and  88  buildings,  including  11  churches  and  chapels,  23  public  buildings,  48  commercial  buildings,  six  major  hotels,  and  an  airport terminal building.

  Fig. 4. C ​ ultural Center of the Philippines is one of the artworks of Leandro Locsin. This is a ​ virtual Locsin Complex  with all five buildings designed by Leandro.  Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/nccaofficial/18643870796

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  Check Your Understanding    Match type. Write the letters of the correct answer on the blanks.     Column A  ______ 1. Typhoon-proof house  ______ 2. Mountain houses  ______ 3. Double Lean-to  ______ 4. Lean-to  ______ 5. Bahay Kubo

Column B  a. b. c. d. e.

a movable one-sided rectangular shape structure  has similar with lean-to  built by people whose livelihood is in the mountain  houses from Batanes  the lowland Christian ethnic house

     TRUE OR FALSE    1. Architecture changes over time.  2. The  houses  of  the  Cordillera  people,  Igorots  and  Mangyans  can  be  found  in  the  lowlands.  3. High rise buildings are caused by the population increase.  4. Filipino architects can be equal or even surpass the skills of Asian counterparts.  5. It is hot and humid inside a ​bahay kubo​.

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  Hands-On  Paint Your Architecture Wonder  Create your very own painting by recreating one of the architectural wonders of Luzon.    Materials:  1.Oslo paper  2. Watercolor  3. Paintbrush  4. Water      CRITERIA  General  Criteria

Content-  Specific  Criteria

Apprentice  (0-2 pts)

Novice  (3-6 pts)

Master  (7-10 pts)

The artwork promotes respect,  love, peace, and unity.

      The artwork celebrates folk arts  of indigenous people.

      The artwork shows the locality  of the indigenous people in the  Philippines.

      The artwork communicates  appreciation to the indigenous  people in the Philippines.

      The artwork shows originality  and craftsmanship.

      The artist was able to manage  time properly.

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  The artist used required  materials.

      The  artist  observes  the element    of arts.

    The  artist  observes  the  use  of    principle of art.

    The artist made good use of  repetition for the motif.

      TOTAL      Key Guide Questions    1. Describe how you created your painting.  2. How were you able to respect the originality of one's artwork and artwork of others?  3. How  were  you  able  to  demonstrate  your  ability  to  use  painting  to  organizes  and  idea  for landscape?  4. What kinds of lines did you use in your painting?  5. What kinds of colors did you use in your painting?

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    Hearts-On    Feelings / Situations

I disagree.

I agree.

I strongly agree.

The various  architectural  wonders represent  our local  communities.

    The different  architectural  wonders highlighted  the beauty and  uniqueness of our  country.

    It is important to  study the  architectural  wonders because it  shows appreciation  and love for our  country.

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  Lesson  6:  Reimagining  Luzon  Sculptures  and  Everyday Objects    Art has influenced even the dull and ordinary things we use in our homes. The technique  provides historical and cultural records of the past.

  Learning Targets    In this lesson, you should be able to:   ● traces the external (foreign) and internal (indigenous) influences reflected in the design  of artwork and in the making of a craft or artifact;  ● shows the relationship of the development of crafts in specific areas of the country,  according to functionality, traditional specialized expertise, and availability of resources;  ● create an example bulul; and  ● appreciate Luzon sculpture.

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  Warm-up    Remembering the Bulul  Recall the lesson you learned about the bulul by completing the graph below.

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    Learn about It!

  A  ​sculpture  ​is  a  3-dimensional  artwork  which  can  be  viewed  from  the  top,  sides,  and  bottom.  It  is  divided  into  two kinds:    1. Freestyle  sculpture  can be displayed in different angles and erected on a base, meaning  from the top view, sides, or bottom.  2. Relief style sculpture is attached in a solid background. Its rear side is not exposed.    Sculpture follows two techniques:     1. Additive techniques are casting, modeling, welding, molding, and p ​ otter​y.  2. A  subtractive  method  is  carving.  Carving  is  the  only  subtractive  technique.  It  is  a  technique  where  a  big  wood  or  stone  is  subtracted  little  by  little  until  the  desired  design.    Tino-too-o and a Pig Sculpture    A  sculpture  of  a  pig  and  a  Tino-Too-Oo  figurine  who  signifies  a  bride  dancing on her wedding  day;  her  face  exposes  a  delight  that  shines  through  the  crudeness  of  the  carving.  The  undelighted pig, described posthumously, has already been slaughtered and served up for the  wedding feast.

  Fig. 1. ​A t​ ino-too-o​ and a pig sculpture

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  Owl

     In  Ifugao,  these  gnomish  and  unnerving  birds  have  been  worshiped  graphically  by  carving  their  heart-shaped  facial  appearance  on  some  of  the  Bulul.  For  them,  the  night cry of the owl  near someone's home indicates sickness or even death of someone in the family.

    Dwarfs (Unano)    Dwarfism is one of the various physical conditions considered by the pagan Bontoc and Ifugao  to  present  a  measure  of  divinity  on  the  bearer:  certainly  he  or  she,  in  having been swayed by  the  gods,  command  individual  spiritual  intermediaries,  a  status  worthy  of  reversing  with  a  carved effigy and with prayers sent up in care of the carving.     Hogang  Free spirit-figurative trunks of tree ferns installed as boundary markers at the edges of villages  and homes.

Alawah  Alawah  is  considered  by  Ifugaos  to  be  the  most  powerful  bulul.  In  decades  past,  it  inspired  some legends that widely recited.

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            Sokyop  Carved  with  a  semblance  of  a  face  of  a  human,  this  headgear  was  worn  by  dancing  hunters  during their celebrations of a successful hunt.    Kinabigat  The Kinabigats which are protective ​bululs ​also serve as supportive posts to Ifugao houses.

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           Check Your Understanding

  Answer the following questions:  1. What is a 3-dimensional art work that can be viewed from the top, sides, and bottom?   2. What  is  an  artwork  can  be  viewed in different angles and can stand on a base, meaning  from the top view, sides, or bottom?  3. What  artwork  is  projected  in  a  background  such  that  part  of  the  top  portion  and  two  sides can be seen with no rear side exposed?   4. What is the only subtractive technique?   5. Who is believed as the most powerful bulul?

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  TRUE OR FALSE    1. Luzon people believe in gods and deities.  2. Luzon sculptures are merely for decorative purposes.  3. Bululs have many different faces.  4. Most bululs are freestyle.  5. Luzon people value hunting.

  Hands-On

Make your Own Bul-ul    Materials:  1.  Picture of bul-ul  2.  Modeling clay  3.  Carving instruments     Caution:  Carving  instruments  must  be  used  under  the  guidance  of  your  teacher.  Always  observe safety at work.     Procedures:  1.  Prepare your materials and working area.  2.  Cut the modeling clay according to the desired length.  3.  Using a pen draw the outlines of a bul-ul.  4.  Using carving instruments cut the excess of the modeling clay.  5.  Polish the end product.                    C ​ opyright ​©​ 2018 Quipper Limited

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    CRITERIA  General  Criteria

Content-  Specific  Criteria

Apprentice  (0-2 pts)

Novice  (3-6 pts)

Master  (7-10 pts)

The artwork promotes respect,  love, peace and unity.

      The artwork celebrates folk arts  of indigenous people.

      The artwork shows the locality  of the indigenous people in the  Philippines.

      The artwork communicates  appreciation to the indigenous  people in the Philippines.

      The artwork shows originality  and craftsmanship.

      The artist was able to manage  time properly.

      The artist used the required  materials.

      The  artist  observes  the  proper    procedure.

    The  artist  was  able  to  use    create a replica of bulul.

    The artist made good use of  repetition for the motif.

      TOTAL

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  Key Guide Questions  1. Describe how you created the b ​ ulul ​sculpture .  2. How were you able to respect the sculpture of one's artwork and artwork of others?  3. How  were  you  able  to  demonstrate  your  ability  to  use  sculpture  as  a  means  of  expressing your patriotism?  4. What elements of arts did you use?  5. What principle of arts did you use?

Hearts-On    Feelings /  Situations

I disagree.

I agree.

I strongly agree.

The various  sculpture  represents our  local communities.

    The different  sculpture  highlighted the  beauty and  uniqueness of our  country.

    It is important to  study the  architectural  wonders because  it shows  appreciation and  love for our  country.

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  Lesson 7: Luzon Arts and Crafts Exhibit    In this lesson, you will gather all the artworks you have created since lesson 1. With the help of  your teacher, you will be putting up an exhibit.

  Learning Targets    In this lesson, you should be able to:   ● identify the procedures for setting up an exhibit;  ● set up an exhibit;  ● The  learner  analyzes  elements  and  principles  of  art  in  the  production  of  one's arts and  crafts inspired by the arts of Luzon (highlands and lowlands);  ● show  the  relationship  of  Luzon  (highlands  and  lowlands)  arts  and  crafts  to  Philippine  culture, traditions, and history;  ● identifies  characteristics  of  arts  and  crafts  in  specific  areas in Luzon (e.g., papier mâché  [taka] from Paete, Ifugao wood sculptures [bul'ul], Cordillera jewelry and pottery, tattoo,  and Ilocos weaving and pottery [burnay], etc.); and  ● mount  an  exhibit  using  completed  Luzon  (highlands  and  lowlands)-inspired  arts  and  crafts in an organized manner.

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    Warm-up    IDENTIFY THE ELEMENT OF ART SHOWN  Identify the elements of art shown in each photo. Discuss and describe each element of art.

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    Learn about It!

  What  are  the  steps  in  setting  up  your  ​exhibit​?  Here  are  some  procedures in setting up your own exhibit.    1. Create ​artworks​ to display.  The  theme  for  the art exhibit this quarter is the Art of Luzon. Identify the characteristics  of  arts  and  crafts  in  specific  areas  in  Luzon.  On  the  first lesson, you made a ​Taka ​paper  mache.  You  painted  the  Ifugao  rice  terraces  in  Lesson  2  and  a  Luzon  architectural  wonder  in  Lesson  5.  You  weaved  in  Lesson  3  while  you  created  bracelets  in  Lesson  4.  Finally,  you  sculpted  your very own bulul in Lesson 6. These artworks will be featured in  this quarter's exhibit.      2. Choose the most impressive work.  Analyze  the  elements  and  principles  of arts present on your and your classmates' work.  Pick out a few of the best pieces to put on display.     3. Decorate and set up the venue.   The  exhibit  must  show  the  relationship  of  Luzon  (highlands  and  lowlands)  arts  and  crafts  to  Philippine  culture,  traditions,  and  history.  Decorate  and  set  up  the  venue  according to the characteristics of Luzon arts.     4. Open the exhibit   Guests  will  come  and  will  ask  questions.  Be  ready  to  answer  them.  Be  proud  of  your  work and explain to them every detail of the artworks.     5. Assess.   Evaluate  the  whole  activity.  Determine  whether  you  were  able  to  showcase  the  Luzon  arts  in  a  good  way.  Identify  the  things  you  did  great  as  well  as the problems needed to  be addressed.

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      Check Your Understanding    Answer the following questions.    1. What is the theme for this quarter's exhibit?   2. Which artworks should be displayed on the exhibit?   3. What is the oldest stone church on the Philippines?  4. What term is being used in describing a public display of artworks?   5. What is the last step in mounting an exhibit?

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  TRUE OR FALSE.  1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The artists can put any decoration on the exhibit.  The class exhibit can feature works of only one student.  Every exhibit must be evaluated.  The artists should be able to explain the artworks to the guests.  The elements and principles of arts should be considered when mounting an exhibit.

  Hands-On

Create your own exhibit    Following the procedure discussed. It is time to mount your own exhibit.    CRITERIA  General  Criteria

Apprentice  (0-2 pts)

Novice  (3-6 pts)

Master  (7-10 pts)

The artwork promotes respect,  love, peace and unity.

      The artwork celebrates folk arts  of indigenous people.

      The artwork shows the locality  of the indigenous people in the  Philippines.

      The artwork communicates  appreciation to the indigenous  people in the Philippines.

      The artwork shows originality  and craftsmanship.

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  Content-  Specific  Criteria

The artist was able to manage  time properly.  The artist used the required  materials.

            The  artist  observes  the  proper    procedure.

    The  artist  was  able  to  use    create a replica of bulul.

    The artist made good use of  repetition for the motif.

      TOTAL

      Key Guide Questions

1. 2. 3. 4.

What topic did you choose to show on your artwork? Why?  What ethnic design did you use? Why?   How do you feel about this activity?  What did you realize after finishing the activity?

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    Hearts-On    Feelings /  Situations

I disagree.

I agree.

I strongly agree.

The exhibit  represents our  local communities.

    The exhibit  highlighted the  beauty and  uniqueness of our  country.

    I am proud to be  Filipino!

      Did You Know?    Philippine  ceramics  applies  to  ceramic  art  and  pottery  designed  or  produced  as  a  form  of  Philippine art. The lore of Philippine ceramics begins back to the third millennium BCE. Pottery  and ceramics were a crucial part of the deal between the Philippines and its neighbors.

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  Wrap Up  .     FOLK ART

ORIGIN

            DESCRIPTION

                      Self-Check

Skills  I _______________ examine the  elements of arts and explain  their significance to the  artworks.  I ___________________ analyze  the principles of arts and  discuss their impact to the  artworks .  I ________________ critique an  artwork and evaluate its  worth.  I _________________ compare  and contrast different works  of art of the same form.  I ____________________ create  an original artwork.

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      I ALMOST CAN

I CANNOT

I CAN

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  I ________________ integrate  different elements,  principles and forms to  produce an artwork.  I _________________ employ  more than one technique in  creating an artwork.  I _______________ decide on  which of the different  processes should be used in  making an artwork.  I __________________ lead my  group/class in completing a  task on arts.  I ___________________  objectively assess and  evaluate my own/group's  work..

                              I am good at  ________________________

because  I am planning to  ______________________________  ______________________________

1.

    2.

    3.

    I need to improve on  because  I am planning to  ______________________________  ______________________________  ______________________________  1.

    2.

    3.

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      Bibliography      Angeli Sobrepena . "Go On A Cultural And Crafty Tour Of Paete." Accessed November 11, 2018.  https://www.realliving.com.ph/lifestyle/travel/go-on-a-cultural-and-crafty-tour-of-paete-a37-20 170909-lfrm     Angelo  G.  Garcia.  "How  Renee  Salud  used  PH  ethnic  fabrics  in  special  collection."  Accessed  November 13, 2018.  https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/06/26/18/how-renee-salud-used-ph-ethnic-fabrics-in-special-col lection     Architectural  Structure.  "16  Iconic  Architectural  Structures  in  the  Philippines."  Accessed  November 13, 2018.  https://www.zipmatch.com/blog/architectural-structures-in-philippines/        Ava  Cruz.  "INABEL:  Modern  Design  from  a  Centuries-old  Tradition."  Accessed  November  11,  2018.  https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1499963305/inabel-modern-design-from-a-centur ies-old-tradition     Batangas. "What is balisong?" Accessed November 12, 2018.  https://www.batangas-philippines.com/balisong.html     Cordilleran History. "Weaving." Accessed November 13, 2018.  https://nardas.com/cordilleran-weaving-culture/     Donna  Reyes.  "KALINGA  CULTURE:  TRIBAL  TRADITIONS  AND  TATTOOS  IN  THE  PHILIPPINES."  Accessed November 11, 2018.  https://hauteculturefashion.com/kalinga-tattoos-philippines/     C ​ opyright ​©​ 2018 Quipper Limited

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  Grace Chemma. "UNESCO – Ifugao Rice Terraces" Accessed November 12, 2018.  h ​ ttp://tourism-philippines.com/ifugao-rice-terraces/     Ifugao. "Hagabi." Accessed November 12, 2018.  http://philibz.wixsite.com/hagabi-ifugao/history     Imelda  Santos.  "The  Art  of  Making  Burnay:  Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Philippines." Accessed November  11, 2018.  https://themixedculture.com/2013/11/04/burnay-vigan-ilocos-sur/     Jhaypee  Guia.  "Come  and  Discover  the  Natural  Beauty  of  Pangasinan."  Accessed  November  12, 2018.  https://www.vigattintourism.com/tourism/articles/Come-and-Discover-the-Natural-Bea uty-of-Pangasinan     JR Cantos. "Butterfly knives." Accessed November 12, 2018.  http://wowbatangas.com/features/arts-and-culture/butterfly-knives-aka-batangas-balis ong/     Juan Marcos Arellano. "History of Architecture." Accessed November 13, 2018.  https://historyofarchitecture.weebly.com/juan-marcos-arellano.html     Mailah Baldemor. "PAETE'S TAKA." Accessed November 11, 2018.  http://www.artesdelasfilipinas.com/archives/6/paete-s-taka     National Museum. "The collections." Accessed November 12, 2018.  http://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/ASBMD/Kiangan.html     NCCA. "Leandro V. Locsin." Accessed November 13, 2018.  http://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-philippi nes/leandro-v-locsin/     NCCA. "Juan F. Nakpil." Accessed November 13, 2018.  http://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-philippi

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  nes/juan-f-nakpil/     Nonet Angeles . "The History of Marikina's Shoe Industry." Accessed November 12, 2018.  http://www.artesdelasfilipinas.com/archives/160/the-history-of-marikina-s-shoe-industr y     ROBBY  JOY  D. SALVERON. "From music to design: Maan Chua bags grand prize in Kadayawan's  fashion design tilt." Accessed November 13, 2018.  http://davaotoday.com/main/headline/from-music-to-design-maan-chua-bags-grand-pr ize-in-kadayawans-fashion-design-tilt/     RF Medina. "6 Filipino Architectural Marvels You'll Be Proud Of." Accessed November 13, 2018.  https://www.realliving.com.ph/lifestyle/6-filipino-architectural-marvels-you-ll-be-proudof-a1565-20180416     Ruth Linker. "Philippine Hats." Accessed November 12, 2018.  https://aboutphilippines.org/files/Philippine-hats.pdf     Shelley Ann Martinez. "Balisong art by Master Ona." Accessed November 12, 2018  https://journeyunderblueskies.wordpress.com/2015/11/15/balisong-art-by-master-ona/     Vigan Ph. "Burnay Jars – Burnay Pottery." Accessed November 11, 2018.  https://www.vigan.ph/arts-and-crafts/burnay-jars-burnay-pottery.html

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    Glossary

  Artwork - p ​ ainting, drawing, and other artistic works.  Bagoong​ - a fermented shrimp or fish paste  Basketry - T ​ he art of basket making.  Blacksmith​ – A person who repairs and makes things in metal using the hand.  Buri  ​-  is  a  fermented  alcoholic  beverage  made  from  sugarcane.  Buri  originated  in  Ilocos  Region.  Exhibit - ​public display of artwork.  Ilongot ​- ​ The people inhabiting northern Luzon in the Philippines.  Kadangyan​ – A Cordilleran term which means rich.  Kiln​ - a furnace for baking pottery.  Latch​ – A device used for holding an object.  Mambabatok - ​Kalinga tattoo artist.  Pottery - A ​ craft or profession of making pottery.  Rim​ – An outer edge of an object.  Stem - ​a long and thin supportive or main section of something.  Tapestry ​- a piece of thick fabric with pictures or designs formed by weaving.  Technique - ​A way of carrying out a task.  Theme - ​central subject of an artwork.  Ventilation - ​The provision of fresh air in a room.  Weft​ - the crosswise threads on a loom over and under which other threads are passed to  make cloth.  Wrap​ - a loose outer garment or piece of material.

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Arts and Crafts of Luzon Highlands and Lowlands Meaning

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